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Chapter 18
Mental Illness
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List four ways abnormal behavior is defined? | Deviation from the average, deviation from the ideal, subjective discomfort, and the inability to function. |
| What causes mental illness according the Medical (Biological Model) Theory? | Genetics, physical traumas, neurological and/or chemical malfunctions. Treatment: Drugs. |
| What causes mental illness according to the Learning Theory? | Mental illness is learned through observation and reinforcement of abnormal behavior. Treatment: counter conditioning |
| What causes mental illness according to the Psychoanalytical Theory? | Mental illness is caused by either childhood trauma or unconscious desires. Treatment: psychotherapy. |
| What causes mental illness according to the Humanistic Theory? | Mental illness is caused by not receiving unconditional positive regard or mental illness is caused by not achieving self-actualization. Treatment: Gestalt Therapy and therapies to increase self-esteem. |
| What guide to mental health professionals use to help them diagnose mental illness? | Doctors use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders using the 5 axis. |
| Axis I: | Describes any mental illness you may have. |
| Axis II: | Describes any personality disorder you may have. |
| Axis III: | Describes any biological or physical problem you may have. |
| Axis IV: | Describes you levels of stress during the past year. |
| Axis V: | Rates your ability to cope with that stress. |
| What are some causes of anxiety disorders? | Genetic factors, overreaction to lactic acid, learning effect, or inaccurate and improbable thoughts about oneself. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. | Continuous long lasting uneasiness and tension that lasts at least 6 months. Patient and health professional cannot pinpoint a specific cause. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Panic Disorders. | Recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety, heart palpation, shortness of breath, sweating faintness, great fear, nausea, trembling, shaking, or the fear of dying. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Phobic Disorders. | Intense irrational fears of specific objects or situations. Common phobias: snakes, insects, spiders, rats, etc. |
| Agoraphobia: | fear of being in public places and/or being away from home. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. | Obsessions: are persistent unwanted thoughts that are unreasonable. Compulsions: are repetitive behaviors performed according to certain rules or rituals. |
| What are some of the causes of Somatoform Disorders? | Stress and the "imagined" physical condition allows the subject to avoid a stressful situation. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Hypochondriasis. | Complaints of physical symptoms in the absence of any real physical illness. Constant fear of illness, normal aches and pains are interpreted as signs of disease. |
| Describe the symptoms of the conversion disorder. | an appearance of a physical illness or physical disturbance that is caused by psychological reasons. Rapid onset is typical, numbness or paralysis is common. Ex: Glove anesthesia. |
| What are some of the causes of Mood Disorders. | Psychodynamic theory - mood disorders are the result of strong dependency and anger turned in toward one's self. Learned helplessness. People have no control over their lives, give up, and become depressed. |
| What are more causes of Mood Disorders | When bad things happen, people blame themselves and become depressed. Neuroephrine and seratonin malfunctions. Genetic link - especially in bipolar disorder. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Major Depression. | Intense feelings of hopelessness, low self-esteem, problems concentrating, poor decision making, changes in sleeping and/or eating patterns, reduced sex drive, thoughts of death, occurs twice as frequently in females than males. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Dysthymic Disorder. | (Minor Depression) More common and less severe symptoms than major depression. Lasts longer, usually 2 years. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder. | Depressive Symptoms during the winter months in northern climates. Usually crave extra sleep, increased rate of carbohydrate consumption. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Bipolar I Disorder. | Sometimes known as Manic/Depressive Disorder. Mania - extreme highs, Depression - Extreme lows. Transition - going from a low to high or high to low. During transition, the risk of suicide is greatest. Prescribe lithium to help. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Bipolar II disorder. | Extreme mood swings but less intense than Bipolar I. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of cyclothymia. | Mood swings which are less severe than Bipolar II. |
| What are some of the causes of Dissociative Disorders. | Dissociate from your usual self allowing people to escape extreme anxiety and stressful situations. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Psychogenic Amnesia. | partial or total memory loss that can last from a few hours to many years. Patient does remember non-threatening aspects of their life. No physical cause. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Psychogenic Fuge. | The word fuge comes from the latin word for flight. People suddenly flee their present life and establish a new life in a new location. Their former life is totally blocked from memory but they often reappear to their former life as if they never left. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of Multiple Personality Disorder. | A person develops two or more distinct personalities, breaking away from their core. 94% of people with MPD were abused as children. Also known as Dissociative Identity Disorder. |
| What are some of the causes of Personality Disorders? | Problems in family relationships, biological inablilty to experience emotions. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of an Antisocial Personality Disorder. | No regard for moral or ethical rules, continuously violates the rights of others, manipulative, impulsive, has no guilt. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of a Narcissistic Personality Disorder. | exaggerated sense of self, devalues other people - uses them, pre-occupied with feelings or fantasies of success, and lacks empathy. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of a Histrionic Personality Disorder. | Someone who is overdramatic to minor scenarios. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of an Avoidant personality Disorder. | avoiding confrontation, tends to be a loner or a social snob, oversensitive to rejection, has a low self esteem. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of a schizotypal personality disorder. | ALMOST a schizoprenic but isn't |
| What are some of the causes of Schizophrenic Personality Disorders? | Genetics, Environmental Triggers, Excess dopamine- linked to delusions, restricted blood flow in the brain due to structural abnormalities, corpus collosum problems, flu during pregnancy, and dominance of the "id" |
| Briefly describe the characteristics of Schizophrenia. | Serious psychotic disorder(out of touch with reality), thinking is incoherent: neologisms, loose associations, and word salads. May appear to be socially withdrawn, abnormal motor behavior such as pacing or rocking back and forth. Delusions&hallucinations |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of a Disorganized schizophrenic | incoherent speech, severe deterioration of adaptive behavior, strange facial expressions, silliness, babbling, giggling, obscene behavior. 5% of all schizophrenics. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of a Catatonic Schizophrenic. | Disordered movement, extreme withdrawal to extreme excitement, waxy flexibility(odd posturing), incoherent speech, 8% of all schizophrenics. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of a paranoid schizophrenic. | Unjustified suspicion and mistrust of other people, appears cold and unemotional, easily offended, delusions of persecution or delusions of grandeur, impaired, unpredictable judgement, argumentative, jealous, anger, and anxiety. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of an undifferentiated schizophrenic. | No one sub type dominates, 40% of all schizophrenics. |
| Briefly describe the symptoms of a Residual Schizophrenic. | The patient is not currently displaying major symptoms but has in the past, subtle symptoms may be present, 7% of all schizophrenics. |
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cindysmile
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