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GI system
UGI BS MBS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Herniation/protrusion of stomach through incompetent cardiac sphincter in left diaphragm 50% population Fullness in chest, reflux, substernal pain, heartburn | hiatal hernia |
| dilated tortuous veins in distal esophagus which often enlarge and rupture causing gross hematemesis lucent wave like filling defects in barium filled eso. demonstrated with valsalva maneuver causes: cirrhosis of liver, liver disease | Esophageal varices |
| inflammatory condition that can be acute or chronic backward flow/ reflux of gastric contents into esophagus due to incompetence of cardiac sphincter | Gastroesophageal reflux (esophagitis) GERD |
| neuromuscular disorder in which the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to relax causing a functional obstruction esophageal body loses tonus and becomes obstructed and enlarged | Achalsia megaesophagus |
| abnormal opening, can be congenital or acquired after birth. 50% after birth from malignancies, 50% after birth from trauma or infection | tracheoesophageal fistula (TE fistula) |
| outpouchings in one or more layer of esophageal wall | diverticula |
| difficulty swallowing painful obstruction, stroke, paralysis, hiatal hernia, carcinoma | dysphagia |
| narrow pylorus, thickening of pyloric muscle occuring in .4% of all live births, pyloric sphincter not working right. vommitting, not growing | hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
| inflammation of stomach mucosa. epigastric pain. alcoholism malnutrition trauma smoking analgesics | gastritis |
| open sore or lesion of mucosal lining of stomach or duodenum. epigastric pain heartburn restlesness nausea anorexia diarrhea syncope stress alcohol analgesics | peptic ulcer |
| tumore of stomach bleeding outlet obstruction loss of apetite weight loss appears as radiolucency on barium column | adenocarcinoma |
| accessory glands and organs alimentary canal | two parts of gi track |
| secrete digestive enzymes to alimentary canal | accessory glands and organs do |
| salivary glands -parotid-submandibular-sublingual liver gallbladder pancreas | what are the accessory glands and organs |
| musculomembranous tube that extends from mouth to anus vary in diameter according to fuction greatest part in abdomen 29-30 ft | alimentary canal purpose |
| where food is masticated | alimentary canal-mouth |
| organs of swallowing pharynx commone to both food and air | alimentary canal-pharnyx and esophagus |
| digestive process begins (majority occurs) | almentary canal-stomach |
| digestive process completed (absorbs nutrients) | alimentary canal-small intestines |
| organ of egestion and water obsorption | alimentary canal-large intestine |
| termination of canal, external aperture | alimentary canal-anus |
| long muscular tube that carries food and saliva from laryngopharynx to the stomach 10" length 3/4" diameter in midsaggital plane- c6-t11 | esophagus |
| serous (outer) muscular(peristalsis) submucosal mucosal (inner) | esophageal wall 4 layers |
| enters thorax, through mediastinum, anterior to vertebra, posterior to trachea and heart passes through diaphragm, sharp left, expands in diameter (cardiac antrum) joins stomach-esophagogastric junction | where does esophagus go? |
| dilated, sac-like portion of digestive tract extends between esophagus and small intestine | stomach |
| serous muscular submucosal mucosal | stomach wall layers |
| cardia fundus body pyloric portion | stomach-4 parts |
| anterior and posterior left and right | stomach- two surfaces, two borders |
| immediately surrounding esophageal opening | cardia-stomach |
| opening between stomach and esophagus | cardiac orifice |
| muscle controlling cardiac orifice | cardiac sphincter |
| superior portion, expands superiorly and fills dome of left hemidiaphragm fills with gas when in upright position | fundus |
| descending from fundus and beginning at level of cardiac notch, ends at angular notch contains rugae, rugal folds, longitudinal folds that expand when stomach is full greater and lesser curvatures-left and right borders | body-stomach |
| distal to angular notch, extends to duodenum | pyloric portion |
| opening between stomach and duodenum controlled by pyloric sphinter | pyloric antrum/orifice |
| storage-stores food until it is ready to be broken down further breaks down food | functions of stomach |
| chemically-acids, enzymes, other chemicals mechanically-peristalsis, churning | how stomach breaks down food (2 ways) |
| duodenum after broken down | where does food go after done being broken down in stomach? |
| chyme | broken down food called |
| to relax peristalsis in Gi system relaxes gastric muscles and allows for greater distention of stomach | glucagon |
| oral-suck, chew, move food/liquid into throat pharyngeal-triger swallow relex, squeeze food down throat, close airway to prevent aspiration esophageal- relax/tighten the openings atthe top/bottom of feeding tube in throat squeeze food thru eso. to stoma | 3 phases of swallowing process |
Created by:
mlewis17
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