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Module 4

Bellevue West Psychology Mod 4

QuestionAnswer
zygote The fertilized eggs; it enters a two-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.
genes the biochemical units of heredity that directs how our cells become specialized for various functions (for example, creating brain, lungs, heart, hair) during prenatal development.
embryo The developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the end of the eighth week.
fetus The developing human organism from nine weeks after conception to birth.
teratogens Substances that cross the placental barrier and prevent the fetus from developing normally.
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) A series of physical and cognitive abnormalities that appear in children whose mothers consumed large amounts of alcohol while pregnant. Symptoms may include noticeable facial misproportions.
rooting reflex A baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to open the mouth and search for the nipple; this is an automatic, unlearned response.
temperament A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.
maturation Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.
cognition All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing and remembering.
schemas Concepts or mental frameworks that organize and interpret information.
assimilation Interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas.
accommodation Adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.
sensorimotor stage In Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.
object permanence The awareness that things continue to exist even when you cannot see or hear them.
preoperational stage In Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.
conservation The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.
egocentrism In Piaget's theory, the inability of the preoperational child to take another's point of view.
concrete operational stage In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental skills that let them think logically about concrete events.
formal operational stage In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development ( normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts and form strategies.
stranger anxiety The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.
attachment An emotional tie with another person; young children demonstrate attachment by seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.
critical period An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.
imprinting The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.
authoritarian parenting Style of parenting marked by imposing rules and expecting obedience.
permissive parenting Style of parenting marked by submitting to children's desires, making few demands, and using little punishment.
authoritative parenting A style of parenting marked by making demands on the child, being responsive, setting and enforcing rules, and discussing the reasons behind the rules.
Created by: kmcvey
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