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Module 4
Bellevue West Psychology Mod 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| zygote | The fertilized eggs; it enters a two-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo. |
| genes | the biochemical units of heredity that directs how our cells become specialized for various functions (for example, creating brain, lungs, heart, hair) during prenatal development. |
| embryo | The developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the end of the eighth week. |
| fetus | The developing human organism from nine weeks after conception to birth. |
| teratogens | Substances that cross the placental barrier and prevent the fetus from developing normally. |
| fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) | A series of physical and cognitive abnormalities that appear in children whose mothers consumed large amounts of alcohol while pregnant. Symptoms may include noticeable facial misproportions. |
| rooting reflex | A baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to open the mouth and search for the nipple; this is an automatic, unlearned response. |
| temperament | A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity. |
| maturation | Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience. |
| cognition | All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing and remembering. |
| schemas | Concepts or mental frameworks that organize and interpret information. |
| assimilation | Interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas. |
| accommodation | Adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information. |
| sensorimotor stage | In Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. |
| object permanence | The awareness that things continue to exist even when you cannot see or hear them. |
| preoperational stage | In Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. |
| conservation | The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects. |
| egocentrism | In Piaget's theory, the inability of the preoperational child to take another's point of view. |
| concrete operational stage | In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental skills that let them think logically about concrete events. |
| formal operational stage | In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development ( normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts and form strategies. |
| stranger anxiety | The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age. |
| attachment | An emotional tie with another person; young children demonstrate attachment by seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation. |
| critical period | An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development. |
| imprinting | The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life. |
| authoritarian parenting | Style of parenting marked by imposing rules and expecting obedience. |
| permissive parenting | Style of parenting marked by submitting to children's desires, making few demands, and using little punishment. |
| authoritative parenting | A style of parenting marked by making demands on the child, being responsive, setting and enforcing rules, and discussing the reasons behind the rules. |
Created by:
kmcvey
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