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Module 2

Bellevue West Psychology Mod 2

QuestionAnswer
scientific method A method of learning about the world through the application of critical thinking and tools such as observation, experimentation, and statistical analysis.
researcher bias A tendency for researchers to engage in behaviors and selectively notice evidence that supports their hypotheses or expectations.
critical thinking Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
participant bias A tendency for research participants to respond in a certain way because they know they are being observed or they believe they know what the reseacher wants.
naturalistic observation Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
case study A research technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
correlational study A research project designed to discover the degree to which two variables are related to each other.
survey method A research technique designed to discover the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a sample of people through the use of questionaires or interviews.
population All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study.
random sample A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
longitudinal study A research technique that studies the same group of individuals over a long period of time.
cross-sectional study A research technique that compares individuals from different age groups at one time.
experiment A research method in which the researcher manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on another variable ( dependent variable) while controlling for confounding variables.
hypothesis An investigator's testable prediction about the outcome of research.
operational definition A specification of the exact procedures used to make a variable specific and measurable for resesarch purposes.
independent variable The research variable that a researcher actively manipulates, and if the hypothesis is correct, will cause a change in the dependent variable.
dependent variable The research variable that is influenced by the independent variable. In psychology, the behavior or mental process where the impact of the independent variable is measured.
experimental group The participants in an experiment who are exposed to the treatment, that is, the independent variable.
control group The participants in an experiment who are not exposed to the independent variable. These individuals function as a comparison for the experimental group participants.
random assignment Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences among those assigned to different groups.
confounding variable In an experiment, a variable, other than the independent variable, that could influence the dependent variable. To draw cause-and-effect conclusions from an experiment, researchers must control for confounding variables.
double-blind procedure An experimental procedure in which both the research paticipants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) as to the expected outcome of the research. This procedure is used to control for the effects of expectation as a confounding variable.
placebo A nonactive substance or condition that may be administered instead of a drug or active agent to see if the drug has an effect beyond the expectations produced by taking it.
replication Repeating a research study to see whether the results can be reliably reproduced. Unless a study can be replicated, the results are likely to be a fluke occurrence.
Created by: kmcvey
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