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GLG 101 Ch 6
Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acid mine drainage | mine drainage water that has been rendered acidic by the chemical alteration of pyrite exposed by the mining process |
| Chemical weathering | the process by which the internal structure of a mineral is altered by the removal and/or addition of elements |
| Differential weathering | the variation in the rate and degree of weathering caused by such factors as mineral makeup, degree of jointing, and climate |
| Dissolution | a common form of chemical weathering, it is the process of dissolving into a homogeneous solution, as when an acidic solution dissolves limestone |
| Eluviation | the washing out of fine soil components from the A horizon by downward percolating water |
| Erosion | the incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, such as water, wind, or ice |
| Exfoliation dome | large dome-shaped structure, usually composed of granite, formed by sheeting |
| Frost wedging | the mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion of freezing water in cracks and crevices |
| Horizon | a layer in a soil profile |
| Humus | organic matter in soil produced by the decomposition of plants and animals |
| Hydrolysis | a chemical weathering process in which minerals are altered by chemically reacting with water and acids |
| Leaching | the depletion of soluble materials from the upper soil by downward percolating water |
| Mass wasting | the downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil under the direct influence of gravity |
| Mechanical weathering | the physical disintegration of rock, resulting in smaller fragments |
| Oxidation | the removal of one or more electrons from an atom or ion |
| Parent material | the material upon which a soil develops |
| Regolith | the layer of rock and mineral fragments that nearly everywhere covers Earth's land surface |
| Sheeting | a mechanical weathering process characterized by the splitting off of slablike sheets of rock |
| Soil | a combination of mineral and organic matter, water, and air; that portion of the regolith that supports plant growth |
| Soil profile | a vertical section through a soil, showing its succession of horizons and the underlying parent material |
| Soil taxonomy | a soil classification system consisting of six hierarchical categories based on observable soil characteristics |
| Spheroidal weathering | any weathering process that tends to produce a spherical shape from an initially blocky shape |
| Talus slope | an accumulation of rock debris at the base of a cliff |
| Weathering | the disintegration and decomposition of rock at or near the surface of Earth |
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thelovelylisa
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