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GLG 101 Ch 5
Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aa flow | a type of lava flow that has a jagged, blocky surface |
| Batholith | a large mass of igneous rock that formed when magma was emplaced at depth, crystallized, and subsequently exposed by erosion |
| Caldera | a large depression typically caused by collapse or ejection of the summit area of a volcano |
| Cinder cone | a rather small volcano built primarily of ejected lava fragments that consist mostly of pea to walnut-size lapilli |
| Columnar joints | a pattern of cracks that forms during cooling of molten rock to generate columns |
| Composite cone | a volcano composed of bother lava flows and pyroclastic material |
| Concordant | a term used to describe intrusive igneous masses that form parallel to the bedding of the surrounding rock |
| Crater | a depression at the summit of a volcano |
| Dike | a tabular-shaped intrusive igneous feature that cuts through the surrounding rock |
| Discordant | a term used to describe plutons that cut across existing rock stuctures, such as bedding planes |
| Fissure | a crack in rock along which there is a distinct separation |
| Flood basalt | flows of basaltic lava that issue from numerous cracks or fissures and commonly cover extensive areas to thicknesses of hundreds o meters |
| Fumarole | a vent in a volcanic area from which fumes or gases escape |
| Laccolith | a massive igneous body intruded between preexisting strata |
| Lahar | debris flows on the slopes of volcanoes that result when unstable layers of ash and debris become saturated and flow downslope usually following stream channels |
| Lava dome | a bulbous mass associated with old-age volcano, produced when thick lava is slowly squeezed from the vent |
| Lava tube | tunnel in hardened lava that acts as a horizontal conduit for lava flowing rom a volcanic vent |
| Nueé ardente | incandescent volcanic debris buoyed up by hot gases that moves downslope in an avalanche fashion |
| Pahoehoe flow | a lava flow with smooth-to-ropy surface |
| Pillow lava | basaltic lava that solidifies in an underwater environment and develops a structure that resembles a pile of pillows |
| Pluton | a structure that results from the emplacement and crystallization of magma beneath the surface of the Earth |
| Pumice | a light-colored glassy vesicular rock commonly having a granitic composition |
| Pyroclastic flow | a highly heated mixture, largely of ash and pumice fragments, traveling down the flanks of a volcano or along the surface of the ground |
| Scoria | vesicular ejecta that is the product of basaltic magma |
| Shield volcano | a broad, gently sloping volcano built from fluid basaltic lavas |
| Sill | a tabular igneous body that was intruded parallel to the layering of preexisting rock |
| Stock | a pluton similar to but small than a batholith |
| Stratovolcanoes | a volcano composed of bother lava flows and pyroclastic material |
| Vent | the surface opening of a conduit or pipe |
| Viscosity | a measure of the fluid's resistance to flow |
| Volcanic neck | an isolated, steep-sided, erosional remnant consisting of lava that once occupied the vent of a volcano |
| Volcano | a mountain formed from lava and/or pyroclastics |
| Volatiles | gaseous components of magma dissolved in the melt |
| Xenolith | an inclusion of unmelted country rock in an igneous pluton |
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thelovelylisa
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