Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
GLG 101 Ch 4
Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Andesite | a fine-grained igneous rock with an intermediate composition |
| Aphanitic texture | a texture of igneous rocks in which the crystals are too small for individual minerals to be distinguished without the aid of a microscope |
| Basalt | a fine-grained igneous rock of mafic composition |
| Bowen's Reaction Series | a concept by N.L. Bowen that illustrates the relationships between magma and the minerals crystallizing from it during the formation of igneous rocks |
| Crystallization | the formation and growth of a crystalline solid from a liquid or gas |
| Crystal settling | during the crystallization of magma, the earlier-formed minerals are denser than the liquid portion and settle to the bottom of the magma chamber |
| Decompression melting | melting that occurs as rock ascends due to a drop in confining pressure |
| Diorite | a granular igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase, feldspar, and hornblende |
| Extrusive | igneous activity that occurs at Earth's surface |
| Felsic | a compositional group of igneous rocks indicating the rock is composed almost entirely of light-colored silicates |
| Fragmental texture | an igneous rock texture resulting from the consolidation of individual rock fragments that are ejected during a violent volcanic eruption |
| Gabbro | a coarse-grained igneous rock of mafic composition |
| Geothermal gradient | the gradual increase in temperature with depth in the crust. The average is 30oC per kilometer in the upper crust |
| Glassy texture | a term used to describe the texture of certain igneous rocks, such as obsidian, that contain no crystals |
| Granite | a coarse-grained igneous rock of felsic composition |
| Groundmass | the matrix of smaller crystals within an igneous rock that has porphyritic texture |
| Igneous rocks | rock formed from the crystallization of magma |
| Intermediate composition | a compositional group of igneous rocks, indicating that the rock contains at least 25% dark silicate minerals. The other dominate mineral is plagioclase feldspar |
| Intrusive | igneous rock that formed below Earth's surface |
| Lava | magma that reaches Earth's surface |
| Mafic | a compositional group of igneous rocks indicating that the rock contains substantial dark silicate minerals and calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar |
| Magma | a body of molten rock found at depth, including any dissolved gases and crystals |
| Magma mixing | the process of altering the composition of magma through the mixing of material from another magma body |
| Magmatic differentiation | the process of generating more than one rock type from a single magma |
| Melt | the liquid portion of magma excluding the solid crystals |
| Obsidian | volcanic glass, usually of silica-rich composition |
| Partial melting | process which most igneous rocks melt. Igneous rocks melt over a temp range - few 100 degrees. Lower liquid content equals higher silica content |
| Pegmatitic texture | a texture of igneous rocks in which the interlocking crystals are all larger than one centimeter in diameter |
| Phaneritic texture | an igneous rock texture in which the crystals are roughly equal in size and large enough so that individual minerals can be identified without the aid of a microscope |
| Phenocryst | conspicuously large crystal embedded in a matrix of finer-grained crystals |
| Plutonic | igneous rocks that form at dept. After Pluto, the god of the lower world in classical mythology |
| Porphyritic texture | an igneous rock texture characterized by two distinctively different crystals sizes |
| Pyroclastic texture | an igneous rock texture resulting from the consolidation of individual rock fragments that are ejected during a violent volcanic eruption |
| Rhyolite | a fine-grained rock of felsic composition |
| Texture | the size, shape, and distribution of the particles that collectively constitute a rock |
| Tuff | a pyroclastic igneous rock composed of tiny ash-sized fragments |
| Ultramafic | a compositional group of igneous rocks containing mostly olivine and pyroxene |
| Vesicular texture | a term applied to Aphanitic igneous rocks that contain many small cavities called vesicles |
| Volcanic | pertaining to the activities, structures, or rock types of a volcano |
| Welded tuff | a pyroclastic igneous rock in which the ash-sized fragments have been fused (welded) together by remnant heat |
Created by:
thelovelylisa
Popular Physical Science sets