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GLG 101 Ch 3
Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | the smallest particle that exists as an element |
| Chemical compound | a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions and usually having properties different from those of its constituent elements |
| Cleavage | the tendency of mineral to break along planes of weak bonding |
| Color | a phenomenon of light by which otherwise identical objects may be differentiated |
| Law of Constancy of Interfacial Angles | a law stating that the angle between equivalent faces of the same mineral are always the same |
| Covalent bond | a chemical bond produced by the sharing of electrons |
| Crystal | any natural solid with an ordered, repetitive atomic structure. Generally refers to a single mineral displaying geometrically related faces |
| Crystalline | any natural solid with and ordered, repetitive atomic structure |
| Crystal shape | characteristic combination of intersecting faces typical of specific crystalline materials |
| Electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle that has a negligible mass and is found outside and atom's nucleus |
| Element | a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical means |
| Fracture | the tendency of a mineral to break randomly, in the absence of planes of weak bonding |
| Hardness | a mineral's resistance to scratching and abrasion |
| Ion | an atom or molecule that possess and electrical charge |
| Ionic bond | a chemical bond between two oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of valence electrons from one atom to the other |
| Isotopes | variety of the same element that have different mass numbers; their nuclei contain the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
| Luster | the appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral |
| Metallic bond | a chemical bond present in all metals that may be characterized as an extreme type of electron sharing in which the electrons move freely from atom to atom |
| Mineral | a naturally occurring, inorganic crystalline material with a unique chemical structure |
| Mohs scale | a series of 10 minerals used as a standard in determining hardness |
| Radioactive decay | the spontaneous decay of certain unstable atomic nuclei |
| Rock | a consolidated mixed of minerals |
| Silicate | any one of numerous minerals that have the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron as their basic structure |
| Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron | a structure composed of four oxygen atoms surrounding a silicon atom that constitutes the basic building block of silicate minerals |
| Specific gravity | the ratio of a substance's weight to the weight of any equal volume of water |
| Streak | the color of a mineral in powdered form |
| Tenacity | describes a mineral's toughness or its resistance to breaking or deforming |
| Unit cell | the basic building block of crystalline solids; the smallest unit that exhibits the physical and chemical properties o the particular mineral |
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