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bhcs science

chapter 1-5

QuestionAnswer
a system of knowledge based on facts and principles science
the application of science to meet human needs technology
a tested possible explanation of a natural event scientific theory
a summary of an observed natural event scintific law
applying logic and reason to observations and conclusions critical thinking
a series of logical steps to follow in order to solve problems scientific method
anything that can change in an experiment variable
the straight line distance between anyn two points length
a measure of the quantity of matter in an object mass
a measure of space, such as the capacity of a container volume
the force with which gravity pulls on a quantity of matter weight
a value written as a simple number multiplied by a power of 10 scientific notation
the degree of exactness of a measurement precision
the digits in a measurement that are known with certainty significant figures
the extent to which a measurement approaches the true value accuracy
the study of matter and how it changes chemistry
anything that has mass and occupies space matter
a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances element
the smallest particle that has the properties of an element atom
a substance made of atoms of more than one element bound together compound
the smallest unit of substance that exhibits all of the properties characteristic of that substance molecule
the chemical symbols and numbers indicating the atoms contained in the basic unit of a substance chemical formula
any matter that has a fixed composition and definate properties pure substance
a combination of more than one pure substance mixture
describes two or more liquids that are able to dissolve into each other in various proportions miscible
describes two or more liquids that do not mix into each other immiscible
the force exerted per unit area of a surface pressure
the resistance of a fluid to flow viscosity
the ability to change or move matter energy
the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas evaporation
the change of a substance from a gas to a liquid condensation
the change of a substance from a solid to a gas sublimation
the way a substance reacts with others to form new substances with different properties chemical properties
the ability of a substance to combine chemically with another substance reactivity
a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance physical property
the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid melting point
the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas below the surface boiling point
the mass per unit volume of a substance density
the force with which a more dense fluid pushes a less dense substance upward buoyancy
a change that occurs when a substance changes composition by forming one or more new substances chemical change
a change in the physical form or properties of a substance that occurs without a change in composition physical change
the center of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons nucleus
a positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom proton
a neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom neutron
a tiny negatively charged subatomic particle moving around outside the nucleus of an atom electron
any of the possible energies an electron may have in an atom energy level
a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons orbital
properties of elements tend to change in a regular pattern when elments are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, or number of protons in their atoms periodic law
a vertical column of elements in the peiodic table group
the process of adding electrons to or removing electrons from an atom or group of atoms ionization
an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained one or more electrons and therefore has a net electric charge ion
an ion with a possitive charge cation
an ion with a negative charge anion
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom atomic number
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom mass number
any atoms having the same number of protons but different neutrons isotopes
a quantity equal to one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom atomic mass unit
the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occuring isotopes of an element average atomic mass
the elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity metals
the elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity nonmetals
the elements that are intermediate conductors of heat and electricity semiconductors
the highly reactive metallic elements located in group one of the periodic table alkali metals
the reactive metallic elements located in group 2 of the oeriodic table alkaline-earth metals
the metallic elements located in groups 3-12 of the periodic table transition metals
the highly reactive elements located in group 17 of the periodic table halogens
the unreactive gaseous elements located in group 18 of the periodic table noble gases
the SI base unit that descibes the amount of a substance mole
the number of particles in 1 mol; equals 6.022x10 to the 23rd/mol Avogadro's constant
the mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance molar mass
a ratio equal to one that expresses the same quantity in two different ways conversion factor
the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together chemical bond
the arrangement of bonded atoms or ions within a substance chemical structure
the average distance between a nuclei of two binded atoms bond length
the angle formed by two bonds to the same atom bond angle
a bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions ionic bonds
a bond formed by the attraction between possitively charged metal ions and the electrons around them metallic bonds
a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons covalent bonds
an ion made of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded and that act like a single ion polyatomic ion
the simplest chemical formula of a compound that tells the smallest whole-number ratio of atoms in the compound empirical formula
a chemical formula that reports the actual numbers of atoms in one molecule of a compound molecular formula
any covalently bonded compound that contains carbon organic compound
any organic compound that has an important role in living things biochemical compound
any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and and that provides nutrientsto the cells of living things carbohydrate
a biological polymer made of bonded amino acids protein
any one of 20 different naturally occurring organic moleculesthat combine to form proteins amino acids
a substance that undergoes a chemical change reactant
a substance that is a result of a chemical change product
the energy stored within atoms and molecules that can be released when a substance reacts chemical energy
a reaction that transfers energy from the reactants to the surroundings usually as heat exothermic reaction
a reaction in which energy is transferred to the reactants usually as heat from the surroundings endothermic reaction
a reaction of at least two substances that forms a new more complex compound synthesis reaction
a reaction in which one compound breaks into atleast two products decomposition reaction
the decomposition of a compound by an electric current electrolysis
a reaction in which a compound and oxygen burn combustion reaction
a reation in which atoms of one element take the place of atoms of another element in a compound single displacement reaction
a reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecular compound is formed from the apparent exchange of ions between two compounds double displacement reaction
a reaction that occurs when electrons are transferred from one reactant to another redox reaction
the fragments of molecules that have at least one electron available for bonding radicals
an equation that uses chemical formulas and symbols to show reactants and products in a chemical reaction chemical equation
the smallest relative number of moles of the substances involved ina reaction mole ratio
a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reactions without being consumed catalyst
a protein that speeds up a specific biochemical reaction enzyme
the specific substance affected by an enzyme substrate
the state in which a chemical reaction and its reverse occur at the same time and at the same rate equilibrium
Created by: ljm32097
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