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TCC - Key Terms
TCC - Key Terms review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acid rebound | effect in which a great volume of acid is secreted by teh stomach in response to the reduced acid environment caused by antacid neutralization |
| addiction | chronic neurobiological disease in which genetic, psychosocial and environmental factors induce changes in teh individual's behaviour to compulsively use drugs despite their effect |
| adrenergic blocker | drug that blocks or decreases SNS |
| adrenergic drugs | increase sympathetic nervous system |
| adverse effect | general term for undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect |
| agonist | drug that binds to its receptors and produces a drug action |
| analgesia | relief from pain |
| anaphylaxis | condition in which body develops a sever allergic reaction, medical emergency |
| anemia | red blood cells or hemoglobin inside red blood cells lower than norman |
| angina pectoris | chest pain lowers blood flow |
| antacid | drug class that neutralizes hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach |
| antagonist | drug that binds to its receptor and prevents other drugs or substances from producing an effect |
| antiallergic | drug that prevents mast cells from releasing histamines and other casoactive substances |
| antiarrythmic drug | restore cardiac conduction |
| anticholinergic | refers to drugs or effects that reduce the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system |
| antihistamine | drug that blocks the action of histamine at the target organ |
| antipyresis | reduce body temperature when high |
| antitussive | able to sppress coughing |
| arrhythmia | disorder of cardiac conduction |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of arteries |
| asthma | inflammation of the bronchioles associated with itching, burning, and edematous vesicular formations |
| atherosclerosis | fatty deposits in arteries |
| bioavailability | percentage of the drug dosage that is absorbed |
| bronchodilator | drug that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and dilates the lower respiratory passages |
| cardiac arrhythmia | variation in the normal rhythm of the heart |
| cardiac glycoside | drug obtained from digitalis |
| centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant | drug that inhibits skeletal muscle contraction by blocking conduction within the spinal cord |
| chemical name | name that defines the chemical composition of a drug |
| cholinergic | refers to the nervs and receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system; also refers to the drugs that stimulate this system |
| chronic bronchitis | respiratory condition caused by chronic irritation that increases secretion of mucus that causes degeneration of the respiratory lining |
| conduction system | regulator of the heart - cardiac tissue |
| congestive heart failure | CHF; heart can't pump enough blood |
| contraindications | situations or conditions when a certain drug should not be admisitered |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, usually caused by emphysema and chronic bronchitis |
| dermal | dosage used for local effects on or within skin |
| dose | exact amount of a drug that is administered in order to produce a specific effect |
| drug addiction | condition of drug abuse and drug dependence that is characterized by compulsive drug behaviour |
| drug dependence | condition of reliance on teh use of a particular drug, characterized and physical and or psychological dependence |
| drug tolerance | decreased drug effect offurring after repeated drug administration |
| dysmenorrheal | difficult or painful menstruation |
| dysphoria | feeling of discomfort or unpleasantness |
| emesis | vomiting |
| emphysema | disease process causing destruction of the walls of teh alveolar sacs |
| enteral | refers to anything involving alimentary tract |
| epidural anesthesia | injection of a local anesthetic in the extradural space |
| epinephrine | hormone from adrenal medulla that stimulates adrenergic receptors, especially stress |
| expectorant | substances that cause the removal of mcous secretions from the respiratory system |
| fat | adipose tissue |
| first-pass metabolism | drug metabolism taht occurs following oral absorption from the GI tract |
| general anesthetic | drug that abolishes the response to pain by dpressing the central nervous system and prodicing loss of consciousness |
| generic name | nonproprietary, or common, name of a drug |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| glucagons | alpha cells of the pancreas, enables glucose to enter circulation, enhances conversion of amino acids to glucose therefor protein synthesis increase resulting in hyperglycemia |
| glucocorticoid | directly influences carbohydrate metabolism and inhibits the inflammatory process |
| half-life | time required for the body to rid itself of half of the drug dosage that was absorbed (percent bioavailability) |
| histamine | substance that interacts with tissues to produce most ot the symptoms of an allergy |
| hypothalamus | center of the brain that influences mood, motivation, and the perception of pain |
| hypoxia | reduction of oxygen supply to tissues below the amount required for normal physiological function |
| incompatibility | undesirable interaction of drugs not suitable for combination or administration together |
| inflammation | characterized by swelling, pain, heat, and possible redness |
| inhalation | dosage intended to reach pulmonary system |
| insulin | primary function is to promote glucose utilization by peripheral tissue |
| local anesthetic | drug that reduces response to pain by affecting nerve conduction; the action can be limited to an area of the body according to the site of administration |
| mucolytic | drug that liquefies bronchial secretions |
| NSAID | non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drug |
| non-opiod analgesic | NSAIDS, COX2 inhibitors |
| opiod analgesic | chemically related to morphine or opium but are used to relieve pain |
| parasympathetic | refers to nerves of the ANS that originate in teh brain and sacral portion of the spinal cord - they are active when the body is at rest or trying to restore body energy |
| parasympatholytic | refers to drugs that mimic stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system |
| parasympathomimetic | refers to drugs taht mimic stimulation for the parasympathetic nervous system |
| parenteral | primarily described as drugs through syringes |
| peripheral skeletal muscle relaxant | drug that inhibits muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction or within the contractile process |
| physical dependence | a physical condition in which the body requires a substance not normally found in the body in order to avoid symptoms associated with withdrawal |
| potency | measure of the strength or concentration of a drug required to produce a specific effect |
| potentiates | produces an action that is greater then either of the components can produce alone |
| prophylaxis | treatment or drug given to prevent a condition or disease |
| receptor | specific location on a cell membrane or within the cell where a drug attaches to produce its effect |
| side effect | drug effect other than the therapeutic effect that is usually undesirable but not harmful |
| site of action | location within the body where a drug exerts its therapeutic effect, often a type of specific recepton |
| spasmogenic | causing a muscle to contract intermittently, state of spasm |
| spinal anethesia | injection of a local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space |
| sympathetic | refers to nerves of the ANS that originate from the thoracolumbar portion of the spinal cord - they are active when the body is under stress or when it is exerting energy |
| sympatholytic | "blocking" drug or effect that decreases sympathetic nervous system activity |
| sympathomimetic | adrenergic drug or effect that increases sympathetic nervous system activity |
| synergistic | when the action resulting from a combination of drugs is greater than the sum of their individual drug effects |
| systemic | occurring in the general circulation resulting in distribution to most organs |
| therapeutic effect | desired drug effect that alleviates some condition ro symptom of disease |
| tolerance | ability of the body to alter its response to drugs so that the effects are minimilized over time |
| topical application | placing a drug on the surface of teh skin or mucous membrane |
| toxic effect | undesirable drug effect that implies drug poisoning can be very harmful or life-threatening |
| trade name | patented proprietary name of a drug sold by a specific drug manufacturer |
| type I diabetes | IDDM; insulin dependent; characterized as a total lack of insulin production and secretion |
| type II diabetes | NIDDM; characterized by a relative insulin deficiency; insulin production is low or beta cell secretion is inefficient |
| ulcer | open sores in the mucous membranes or mucosal linings of the body |
| vasodilator | substances that relax the muscles controlling blood vessels leading to increased blood flow |
| ventricular fibrillation | most serious arrhythmia can result in death |
Created by:
alannalouise
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