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Science Chapter 3
Chapter 3 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | The center of am atom; made up of protons and neutrons |
| Proton | A positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | A neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| Electron | A tiny negatively charged subatomic particle moving around outside the nucleus of an atom |
| Energy Level | Any of the possible energies an electron may have in an atom |
| Orbital | A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| Valence Electron | An electron in the outermost energy level of an atom |
| Periodic Law | Properties of elements tend to change in a regular pattern when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, or number of protons in their atoms |
| Period | Horozontial row of elements in the periodic table |
| Group (Family) | Vertical column of elements in the periodic table |
| Ionization | Process of adding electrons to or removing electrons from an atom or group of atoms |
| Ion | An atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained one or more electrons and therefore has a net electric charge |
| Cation | Ion with a positive charge |
| Anion | Ion with a negative charge |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Mass Number | The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Isotopes | Any atoms having the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| Atomic Mass Unit | Quantity equal to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom |
| Average Atomic Mass | The weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element |
| Metals | The elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity |
| Nonmetals | Elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity |
| Semiconductors | The elements that are intermediate conductors of heat and electricity |
| Alkali Metals | The highly reactive metallic elements located in Group 1 of the periodic table |
| Alkaline-Earth Metals | The reactive metallic elements located in Group 2 of the periodic table |
| Transition Metals | The metallic elements located in Groups 3-12 of the periodic table |
| Halogens | The highly reactive elements located in Group 17 of the periodic table |
| Noble Gases | The unreactive gaseous elements located in Group 18 of the periodic table |
| Mole | The SI base unit that describes the amount of a substance |
| Avogadro's Constant | The number of particles in 1 mol; equals 6.022x10 to the 23/mol |
| Molar Mass | The mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance |
| Conversion Factor | A ratio equal to one that expresses the same quantity in two different ways |
Created by:
laurenkohler7
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