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Science Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Nucleus The center of am atom; made up of protons and neutrons
Proton A positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron A neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom
Electron A tiny negatively charged subatomic particle moving around outside the nucleus of an atom
Energy Level Any of the possible energies an electron may have in an atom
Orbital A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons
Valence Electron An electron in the outermost energy level of an atom
Periodic Law Properties of elements tend to change in a regular pattern when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, or number of protons in their atoms
Period Horozontial row of elements in the periodic table
Group (Family) Vertical column of elements in the periodic table
Ionization Process of adding electrons to or removing electrons from an atom or group of atoms
Ion An atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained one or more electrons and therefore has a net electric charge
Cation Ion with a positive charge
Anion Ion with a negative charge
Atomic Number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass Number The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Isotopes Any atoms having the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Atomic Mass Unit Quantity equal to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Average Atomic Mass The weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element
Metals The elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity
Nonmetals Elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity
Semiconductors The elements that are intermediate conductors of heat and electricity
Alkali Metals The highly reactive metallic elements located in Group 1 of the periodic table
Alkaline-Earth Metals The reactive metallic elements located in Group 2 of the periodic table
Transition Metals The metallic elements located in Groups 3-12 of the periodic table
Halogens The highly reactive elements located in Group 17 of the periodic table
Noble Gases The unreactive gaseous elements located in Group 18 of the periodic table
Mole The SI base unit that describes the amount of a substance
Avogadro's Constant The number of particles in 1 mol; equals 6.022x10 to the 23/mol
Molar Mass The mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance
Conversion Factor A ratio equal to one that expresses the same quantity in two different ways
Created by: laurenkohler7
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