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Biopsychology
chapter #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CNS | the nervous system located in the school and spine |
| PNS | the nervous system located outside the skull and spine |
| afferent nerves | carry sensory signals from allover to the CNS |
| efferent nerves | carry motor signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscles |
| blodd-brain barrier | stops the passages of toxic substances from the blood into the brain |
| Neurons | specialized cells for the reception, conduction, and transmission of electochemical signals, each have their own receptor |
| neurotransmitters | molecules that are released from active neurons and influence the activity of other cells |
| glial cells | outnumber neurons 10 to 1: four kinds: oligodendrocytes, schwann cells, astrocytes, and microglia |
| lipids | fat-soluable, can diffuse across the membrane |
| glucose | water-based, cannot readily diffuse across the memebrane |
| microtubules | structural framework of the cytoskeleton |
| glia cells | release neurotransmitters |
| oligodendrocyte | Myelinates axons of the CNS (brain & spinal cord), myelinating several at once. |
| schawn | Myelinates the axons of the PNS (outside the brain), and each cell equals one myelinated sheath. |
| microglia | very mobile, can replicate, also engulf dead and dying neurons |
| cranial nerves | There are 12 pairs. Vagus (X) is the longest and contains motor and sensory fibers. |
| meninges | There are 3 layers. Dura mater on the outside, then going inward is arachnoid and subarachnoid space (not one), then pia mater. |
| interneuron | function to intergrate the neural activity within a single brain structure, not to conduct signals from one structure to another. |
| nuclei | clusters of cell bodies in the central nervous system |
| ganglia | clusters of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system |
| tracts | bundles of axons in the CNS |
| nerves | bundles of axons in the PNS |
| astrocytes | They form a supportive matirx for neurons by covering the outer surface of blood vessels (that course through the brain) with armlike extensions |
| spinal nerves | 31 sets of nerves on each side (left and right) onf the spine with each set containing one dorsal branch (sensory, afferent) of unipolar neurons and one ventral branch (motor, efferent) of multipolar neurons |
| forebrain | Telencephalon & Diencephalon |
| midbrain | Mesencephalon |
| hindbrain | Metencephalon & Myelencephalon |
Created by:
oscarbutterfly
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