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angel's pharma
angel's pharmacology terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| half-life | amount of time for one-half of the drug present to be eliminated from the body |
| ionised | process by which an atom or group of atoms acquires an electrical charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons |
| nonionised | a substance that has no electrical charge |
| drug | any chemical agent that affects living processes |
| chemical name | description of the chemical structure of a drug |
| generic name | nonproprietary name; the name given to a drug by USAN |
| brand name | proprietary name; assigned by drug mfr and protected under trademark law |
| side effect | drug effect other than the therapeutic effect that is undesirable but not harmful |
| adverse effect | similar to side effect but occurs for a longer period and is more intense |
| toxic effect | may be extremely dangerous and fatal |
| LD-50 | lethal dose 50; the dose of a drug that kills 50% of the animals being tested |
| agonist | drug that binds to a specific receptor and produces a specific drug action |
| affinity | a drug's ability to bind to the cell structure |
| efficacy | describes how successfully a drug is able to produce its effect |
| antagonist | a drug that does not bind to a specific site |
| competitive antagonist | a drug that competes for a specific site on a cell that an agonist is attempting to use |
| loading dose | larger initial dose compared to the subsequent doses |
| maintenance dose | dose given after the loading dose to maintain a therapeutic concentration of the drug in the body |
| prophylactic dose | dose given to prevent a situation from developing |
| acid | substance that yields hydrogen atoms when dissolved in water ( PH<7 ) |
| base | substance that yields hydroxide atoms when dissolved in water ( PH>7) |
| passive transport | most common method for a drug to dross a membrane |
| diffusion | process in which a substance goes from a higher concentration to a lower contration |
| active transport | selective process requiring energy to move a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration |
| bioavailability | rate and extent a drug is absorbed into the body |
| chemically equivalent | meets the chemical and physical standards established by the government or regulatory agencies |
| therapeutically equivalent | drug that produces the same therapeutic effect |
| antagonism | process in which a drug blocks the effects of another drug |
| potentiation | process in which one drug increases the potency or strength of another drug, and the effect is greater than the effect of either drug given alone |
| hyperreactive | a patient who experiences the desired effect at a low dosage |
| hyporeactive | a patient who experiences the desired effect only at high dosages |
| superensitivity | increased sensitivity to a drug resulting in denervation |
| tolerance | decreased sensitivity to a drug because of exposure to the drug |
| tachyphylaxis | tolerance that develops after a few doses of the drug have been taken |
| idiosyncrasy | an unusual effect of a drug regardless of the intensity or the dosage |
| site of action | place in the body where the drug produces its effect |
| mechanism of action | explanation of how a drug produces its effects |
Created by:
a-ray
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