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Humanities finals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the greatest Greek author of comedy plays? | Aristophanes |
| Where were the centers of Greek art and learning in the Hellenistic Period? | Alexandria, Pergamum, and Antioch |
| Who was the author of Antigone and Oedipus the King? | Sophocles |
| What was the primary function of the chorus in Greek theater? | To provide a commentary upon a drama |
| Who is the most famous Roman satirist? | Juvenal |
| According to Aristotle, what caused the downfall of tragic heroes? | A character flaw |
| What was the name of the large open space in the center of Rome used for meetings of the Senate and the assemblies of the people? | Forum |
| What was the function of the Pont du Gard? | It was an aqueduct |
| Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire? | Emperor Augustus |
| What name is given to the period of history following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C.E. (and until the rise of the Roman Empire)? | The Hellenistic Period |
| What story was told by the Laocoön sculpture? | A priest and his sons being strangled by sea serpents |
| What principal school of philosophy in Rome believed that the proper goal of life was pleasure? | Epicureanism |
| What are the two main periods of Roman history called? | Republican and Imperial Rome |
| What was the cause of the Peloponnesian War? | Athens’s use of the Delian League’s treasury |
| What school did Aristotle found in 335 B.C.E.? | The Lyceum |
| What is the Roman equivalent to the Greek god Dionysus? | Bacchus |
| Which style did Roman architecture prefer? | Corinthian |
| What political events characterized the last century of the Roman Republic (133 B.C.E. to 31 B.C.E.)? | Power struggles between Marius, Sulla, Pompey and Caesar |
| Who introduced the idea of catharsis in the analysis of drama? | Aristotle |
| According to the Ara Pacis (Altar of Peace), how did Augustus want to be remembered by future generations? | As a leader in Rome’s glorious ascendancy |
| According to the Bible, who was the father (patriarch) of the Hebrews? | Abraham |
| Who was the most important poet of the T'ang Dynasty ? | Li-po |
| What musical tradition had the greatest influence on early Christian churches? | Jewish chanting of sacred texts |
| What topics were treated in the Chinese Classis of Songs? | Themes of love, family life and public affairs |
| Which dynasty reigned during China's "Golden Age"? | T’ang |
| What is antiphonal singing? | Singing in which two sections of the congregation alternate in chanting lines from psalms |
| Which Indian emperor unified all of India? | Ashoka |
| Which emperor in C.E. 312 issued in Milan a decree of toleration for Christianity (and other religions)? | Emperor Constantine |
| What is the Septuagint? | A Greek version of the old testament |
| What ruler was called "The Sun of Power"? | Chandra Gupta II |
| What is the subject of the earliest monumental Indian sculpture? | The Lion Capital |
| Who was the traditional founder of Taoism? | Loa-tzu |
| What was the "Babylonian Captivity"? | A period of Hebrew exile |
| Why were early Christians persecuted by the government of Rome? | They refused to renounce their faith |
| What famous church was built in Rome during the reign of the Emperor Constantine? | Saint Peter’s Basilica |
| What are the Beatitudes? | The core teachings of Jesus |
| What is a central image in Taoist art? | Water flowing over rocks |
| Which of the following contains the oldest religious texts (compiled around 1000 B.C.E.) in India? | Vedas |
| What are avatars? | The incarnation of Hindu deities |
| The English word "Bible" comes from the Greek name of what ancient city? | Byblos |
| What was the significance of the Ka'aba? | Muhammad established it as the center of Muslim faith |
| Why did Justinian close the last surviving Platonic academy? | He considered it to be a pagan-based institution |
| How is the Koran (Qur'an) organized? | It is divided into 114 suras |
| What was Justinian's major architectural achievement ? | The rebuilding of the Church of Hagia Sophia |
| What is the encaustic method of painting? | Painting using hot colored wax |
| For what type of art is the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia famous? | Mosaics |
| What is the purpose of the minaret or minarets adjacent to the mosque? | To call the faithful to prayer |
| What was the goal of the Reconquista? | To drive the Muslims out of Spain |
| From 402 to 476, what city served as the western capital of the Roman Empire? | Ravenna |
| What was Augustine's concept of "human nature"? | It is fundamentally flawed |
| What event in 622 marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar? | Hegira |
| What was the importance of the Codex Sinaiticus discovered in Saint Catherine's monastery at Mount Sinai? | It was the earliest Greek translation of the new Testament |
| What event brought an influx of Greek scholars to the West? | The collapse of Constantinople of the Turks |
| What building in Jerusalem is one of the earliest and most spectacular achievements of Islamic architecture? | The Dome of the Rock |
| What was distinctive about the way Rumi recited his poetry? | He danced while reciting |
| Which Muslim scholar invented algebra and created modern numerical system? | Al-Khwarizmi |
| Which scholar was physician to the sultan of Baghdad? | Moses Maimonides |
| How does the shape of the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna differ from traditional basilica design? | It is octagonal |
| What name is given to the order of sequences of the various parts of a worship service? | Liturgy |
| Who is considered the founder of Islam? | Muhammad |
| What was the subject of the Summa Theologica? | The establishment of a connection between classical philosophy and Christian faith |
| What was the greatest work of fiction of the late middle ages? | The Divine Comedy |
| What were the two major characteristics of Gothic architecture? | Increased height and stained-glass windows |
| What is the importance of Theophilus in the history literary themes? | It introduces the Faustian theme |
| Which medieval cathedral is famous for its 173 stained glass windows? | Chartres |
| What is the oldest and most famous chanson de geste or chanson d'histoire? | The song of Roland |
| Who invented the system of musical notation that we use today? | Guido di Arezzo |
| Who was the author of the most famous "Rule" in western monasticism? | Saint Benedict of Nursia |
| What was the Divine Office? | Periods of worship |
| For what contribution is Abbot Suger most famous? | He introduced the major features which defined Gothic architecture |
| Why did Saint Francis of Assisi drop out of society and begin to lead a life of self-denial? | Because of his revelations when he was a prisoner of war |
| What type of chant became the predominant type of music in Roman Catholic churches during the early middle ages? | Gregorian Chant |
| Why did Bernard of Clairvaux object to the decoration of Romanesque churches? | It diverted worshipers from reading the bible |
| What was the functional purpose of the Gothic gargoyles? | As gutters |
| What were two characteristics of the architecture between 1000 and 1150? | Heavy stone arches and elaborate external sculpture |
| From c. 1150 to 1300, what city was the intellectual and cultural center of Western civilization? | Paris |
| What is an "illuminated" book? | A lavishly decorated book |
| How is Dante's Divine Comedy organized? | Into 100 cantos |
| Why can early medieval drama be described as "liturgical drama"? | It was based on religious themes |
| What was the most important relic in Charlemagne's chapel? | The cape of Saint Martin |
| How was the plague spread to Europe? | Via rats aboard trade ships |
| Who were the two most famous competitors in the 1401 competition for the decoration of the doors of the Florence Baptistery? | Brunelleschi and Ghiberti |
| Which two European countries were the main combatants in the Hundred Years' War? | France and England |
| Who was the greatest Florentine sculptor of the first half of the 1400s? | Donatello |
| Who was the most important Tuscan writer of the 1300s? | Petrarch |
| What is the narrative framework of Canterbury Tales? | A group on a pilgrimage |
| Who did author Giorgio Vasari consider to be the first of the great Florentine painters? | Giotto da Bondone |
| Who invented printing with movable type? | Johann Gutenburg |
| What is the meaning of the term "Renaissance"? | Rebirth |
| What is the message of The Song of Bacchus? | Enjoy the moment |
| What architect was responsible for the magnificent dome of Florence Cathedral? | Brunelleschi |
| Which city was the most important center of the early Italian Renaissance? | Florence |
| What were seen as the advantages of humanist education and learning? | It would perfect and ennoble man |
| What name is given to the style of late Gothic architecture in England? | Perpendicular |
| What musical qualities distinguished ars nova from the music of the previous era? | Rhythmic and melodic complexity |
| What was most revolutionary about Masaccio's painting? | Expressive force and realism |
| What was the primary source of the Medici's wealth? | Banking |
| Which artist is considered the genius of the Italian Renaissance? | Leonardo da Vinci |
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