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Research Psych
Final Exam Study - Measurement
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the different measurement methods one can use to measure the dependent variable/outcome variable? | Naturalistic observation, survey/interview, systematic observation, and using archival data |
| What is naturalistic observation? | A data collection technique involving noninvasive observation of individuals in their natural environments. Used when a researcher wants to learn about behavior that naturally occurs for an individual without influencing the behavior |
| Pros of using naturalistic observation techniques | The behavior is likely to be more realistic than with some of the other techniques which can increase the external validity of the study |
| Cons of using naturalistic observation techniques | It may be difficult to be unobtrusive and the presence of an observer can change the behavior, it can be very time consuming, and if there are multiple observers, they must be using the exact same coding scheme. |
| What is survey research? | A research study often used to measure moods, attitudes, and behaviors through self-reports from the participants |
| Pros of using survey research techniques | The validity and reliability of a survey will already have been tested and the survey revised to maximize accuracy. |
| Cons of using survey research techniques | Social desirability can bias the results of a survey/questionnaire. Thus, researchers must be careful in interpreting behaviors observed with this technique as they might not be accurate representations of individuals' behaviors. |
| What are systematic observations? | Data collection technique where control is exerted over the conditions under which the behavior is observed |
| Pros of using a systematic observation technique | Because a high degree of control can be exerted on the measurements of behaviors observed, they typically add to the internal validity of a study. |
| Cons of using a systematic observation technique | The behaviors being studied may be artificial. External validity can be lower for systematic observations than other data collection methods |
| What is archival data? | A data collection technique that involves analysis of preexisting data. (e.g. hospital records) |
| Pros of using archival data collection techniques | Offers researchers a means of collecting data quickly. Few resources are needed, as the data are collected by another agency/institution. |
| Cons of using archival data collection techniques | Researcher has no control over the circumstances under which the data are collected, the sampling technique used, or the measures used to observe behavior. Also, no control over how the data is coded. |
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cassidylm34
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