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Sport Psych Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Confidence | Belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior |
| Vicarious experiences | Demonstration or modeling |
| Performance accomplishments | The strongest and most dependable information on which to base self-efficacy judgments |
| Self-efficacy | The perception’s of one’s ability to perform a task successfully |
| Self-fulfilling prophecy | Expecting something to happen actually helps it to happen |
| Outcome goals | Focusing on competitive results |
| Performance goals | Focusing on achieving some standard |
| Process goals | Focusing on the actions an individual must engage in during performance |
| Progressive Muscle Relaxation | People learn to feel tension in their muscles and then to let go of this tension |
| Biofeedback | Helps people become more aware of their autonomic nervous system reactions and in so doing gain control of these responses |
| Relaxation Response | Teaches you to quiet the mind, concentrate, and reduce muscle tension by focusing attention on a mental device or thought. |
| Autogenic Training | A series of exercises designed to produce two physical sensations: warmth & heaviness |
| Cognitive-Affective Stress Management Training | Teaches a person specific integrated coping responses using relaxation and cognitive components to control arousal |
| Stress-Inoculation Training | Teaches skills for coping with psychological stressors and for enhancing performance by developing productive thoughts, mental images, and self-statements |
| Symbolic Learning Theory | Imagery functions as a coding system (mental blueprint) to help people understand & acquire movement patterns |
| Psychological Skill Hypothesis | Imagery develops and refines mental skills like concentration and confidence |
| Bioinformational Theory | An image contains two main types of statements: response propositions and stimulus propositions |
| Triple Code Theory | An image is a sensation, the act of imagery results in psychophysiological changes in the body, and the image has meaning |
| Internal Imagery | Imagine the execution of a skill from your own perspective |
| External Imagery | View yourself from the perspective of an external observer |
| Vividness | Recreating or creating as closely as possible the actual experiences in your mind as an image |
| Controllability | Manipulating your images so they do what you want them to |
| Subjective Goal | General objectives such as having fun or doing your best |
| Objective Goal | Attaining a specific standard of proficiency on a task, usually in a specified time |
| Direct Mechanistic Explanation | Goals direct attention to important elements of the skill |
| Broad-Internal | Used to analyze and plan (e.g., developing a game plan or strategy) |
| Narrow-Internal | Used to mentally rehearse an upcoming performance |
| Broad-External | Used to rapidly assess a situation |
| Narrow-External | Used to focus exclusively on one or two external cues |
| Internal Distractor | Overanalysis of body mechanics |
| External Distractor | Gamesmanship |
| Choking | An attentional process that leads to impaired performance and the inability to retain control over performance without outside assistance |
| Self-talk | Any self-statement or thought |
| Reframing | Change negative thoughts into positive |
| Thought Stoppage | Using a trigger word to interrupt or stop an undesirable thought |
| Polarized Thinking | Viewing people and things in absolute terms |
| Kinesthetic sense | Sensation of bodily position or movement that arises from the simulation of sensory nerve endings in muscles, joints, and tendons |
| Psychoneuromuscular Theory | Imagery facilitates the learning of motor skills because imagined events innervate the muscles like physical practice of the movement--strengthens neural pathways |
| Dissociative Attentional Strategy | Distracting oneself from a task |
| Associative Attentional Strategy | Monitoring bodily functions and feelings |
| External Overload | A tendency to become confused and overloaded with external stimuli |
| Cue Word | Used to trigger a particular response |
| Ironic Processing Theory | Telling yourself not to focus on something actually leads you to focus on it |
| Matching Hypothesis | An arousal management technique should correspond to a particular anxiety problem |
| Problem-focused Coping | Involves efforts to alter or manage the problem that is causing the stress for the individual involved |
| Educational Phase | The first phase of any PST program |
| Polysensory | Involving all the senses |
| Performance Epectancy | An athlete’s self-efficacy of confidence relative to reaching a range of performance levels |
| Narrow-Focused Attention | The ability to remain task-oriented, to avoid distractions, and to stay focused on a single job |
| Personalization | The assumption that personal worth depends solely on achievement |
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