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psych ch8 vocab
psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sensations | the stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the brain |
| perception | the organization and interpretation of sensory information into meaningful experiences |
| psycho-physics | the study of the relationships between sensory experiences and the physical stimuli that cause them |
| absolute threshold | the weakest amount of a stimulus that a person can detect half the time |
| difference threshold | the smallest change in a physical stimulus that can be detected between two stimuli |
| weber's law | a psycho-physics law stating that for any changes in a stimulus to be detected, a constant proportion of that stimulus must be added or subtracted |
| signal-detection theory | the study of a people's tendencies to make correct judgments, misses, and false alarms in detecting the presence of stimuli |
| pupil | the opening in the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye |
| lens | a flexible, elastic, transparent oval structure in the eye that changes its shape to focus light on the retina; the lens is attached to muscles that adjust the curve of the lens, which in turn adjust the focus |
| retina | the light-sensitive innermost coating of the back of the eye that contains the rods, cones, and neurons that process visual stimuli |
| optic nerve | the nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain |
| binocular fusion | the process of combining the images received from the two eyes into a single, fused image |
| retinal disparity | a binocular cue for perceiving depth based on the differences between the images stimulating each eye |
| auditory nerve | the nerve that carries impulses from the inner ear to the brain, resulting in the perception of sound |
| vestibular system | three semicircular canals located in the inner ear that provide the sense of balance |
| olfactory nerve | the nerve that transmits information about odors from the nose to the brain |
| kines-thesis | the sense that provides information about the position and movement of individual body parts |
| gestalt | the experience that comes from organizing bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes |
| subliminal messages | brief auditory or visual messages that are presented below the absolute threshold so that their chance of perception is less than 50 percent |
| motion parallax | the apparent movement of stationary objects relative to one another that occurs when the observer changes position |
| constancy | the tendency to perceive certain objects in the same way regardless of changing angle, distance, or lighting |
| illusions | perceptions that misrepresent physical stimuli |
| extrasensory perception (ESP) | a group of psychic experiences that involves perceiving or sending information outside normal sensory processes pr channels; includes four general abilities: telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, and psychokinesis |
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lizhopper2
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