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Motivation
Psychology Chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four motives of motivation? | Hunger, Sex, Belonging, Achievement at work (Have Some Bad Accidents) |
| What are two Human instincts? | Rooting and Sucking |
| What was instinct theory replaced by? | Drive Reduction Theory |
| What does Drive Reduction Theory state? | A psychological need creates an arousal state that drives an organism to reduce the need by eating or drinking |
| Why did George Mallory climb Mount Everest? | Because it was there |
| What’s the base of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? | Physiological Needs |
| What’s the order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from the bottom? | Physiological Needs, Safety Needs, Need to Belong, Esteem Needs, Self Actualization (Please Shoot Buttholes Everywhere Soon) |
| What is a hunger arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach? | Ghrelin |
| What brings on hunger? | Lateral Hypothalamus |
| What hormone does the lateral hypothalamus produce? | Orexin |
| What depresses hunger? | Ventromedial Hypothalamus |
| What does the hypothalamus monitor? | Levels of Leptin |
| What is leptin? | A protein produced by bloated fat cells |
| Hormone secreted by the pancreas; controls blood glucose? | Insulin |
| How do you regulate weight? | Food intake and energy output |
| What are the intervals an average person swallows? | 14 seconds |
| How many average chews per swallow are there? | 19 times per swallow |
| What influence our taste preference? | Body chemistry and environmental factors |
| What boost the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin? | Carbohydrates |
| Are sweet and salty taste preferences conditioned or genetic? | Genetic; All others are conditioned |
| How does Anorexia typically begin? | As a weight loss diet |
| Amenorrhea | The absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles |
| During the current episode of Anorexia Nervosa, the person has not regularly engaged in binge eating or purging behavior | Restricting Type |
| During the current episode of Anorexia Nervosa, the person has regularly engaged in binge eating or purging behavior | Binge Eating/Purging Type |
| How does Bulimia typically begin? | After a dieter has broken a diet and gorged and has self induced vomiting |
| During the current episode of Bulimia Nervosa, the person has regularly engaged in self induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas? | Purging Type |
| During the current episode of Bulimia Nervosa the person has used other inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as fasting or excessive exercise, but has not regularly engaged in self induced purging | Non Purging Type |
| Who set out in his experiment to find out what normal sexual behavior looked like | Alfred Kinsley |
| What fraction of married men/married women have affairs? | 2/3 ; ½ |
| What percentage of married adults claim to have had sex only with their spouse during their present marriage? | 84% |
| Who monitored more than 10,000 sexual cycles? | William Masters and Virginia Johnson |
| What are the four stages of the sexual response cycle? | Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, Resolution |
| Genital Areas become engorged with blood? | Excitement stage |
| Excitement peaks as breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to increase | Plateau phase |
| Further increase in breathing, pulse and blood pressure rates | Orgasm Phase |
| Body gradually returns to its unaroused state in which the blood is released from the genital area | Resolution Phase |
| Inability to maintain an erection | Erectile Disorder |
| Infrequently or never experiencing orgasm | orgasmic Disorder |
| What is the key hormone for sex? | Testosterone |
| Is sex a need? | No |
| Can you still feel sexual desire with a spinal cord injury? | Yes |
| What percentage of men and women have dreams that lead to orgasm? | 40% |
| What percentage of the US 9th 12th graders report having had sexual intercourse? | 50% |
| What are some causes of pregnancy? | Sexual related guilt, Alcohol use, Ignorance What is the abortion fate for the US? |
| Who delays in having sex? | Intelligent people, Religious people, Helpful people What percent of new infections occur in people under the age of 25? |
| Is Homosexuality psychological? | No |
| Who discovered the Fraternal Birth Order Effect? | Blanchard |
| What is the fraternal birth order effect? | The odds of becoming homosexual are roughly 3% among first sons, 4% for second sons, etc |
| What is a brain difference between straight and gay men? | Hypothalamus cell cluster is slightly smaller in gays |
| Can sexual attraction in male fruit flies be genetically manipulated? | Yes |
| Is shared sexual orientation higher among fraternal or identical twins? | Identical |
| What can lead to homosexuality? | Altered prenatal hormone exposure |
| What did Aristotle refer to humans as? | The social animal |
| Who believed humans have an urge to community? | Alfred Alder |
| Breaks in social bonds can cause what? | Psychological distress |
| What three things does work satisfy? | It supports, connects, and defines us |
| What three POV can a job be seen as? | Job, Career, Calling |
| What does flow with an activity mean? | To be completely absorbed in that activity that fully engages your skills |
| What percentage of people feel like they are matched to the right job? | 20% |
| What is the best predictor of job performance? | General Mental Ability |
| What is an interviewer illusion? | Tending to overrate their interviewing skills |
| What can be gained from an interview? | Personality traits |
| What is a structured interview? | An interview where there is a disciplined method of collecting information |
| What is a performance appraisal? | Decide who to keep on as an employee, how to reward them, and how to promote |
| What do performance appraisals include? | Checklist, Graphic rating scales, and behavior rate scales |
| What is a Halo Error? | One trait of an employee biases ratings of their specific work related behaviors |
| What are leniency and severity errors? | The evaluator can be too harsh or to easy on everyone |
| What is a Recency error? | Rater focuses on one easily remembered behavior |
| What is the key tool in achievement? | Motivation |
| What is Achievement motivation? | The desire for significant accomplishment |
| What is a top priority for IO psychologist? | Employee satisfaction |
| What do effective leaders do? | Harness job relevant strengths, Set goals, and choose an appropriate leadership style |
| According to Kenneth Tucker, great managers do what? | Help people identify and measure their talents; Match tasks to talents; Care about how they feel; and Positively reinforce behavior |
| What is task leadership? | Being the type of leader that does stuff |
| What is social leadership? | Being a leader that specializes in mediating conflicts and building high achieving teams |
| What is Theory X? | Managers assume that workers are basically lazy, error prone, and motivated by money |
| What is Theory Y? | Managers assume that workers are motivated to work beyond money |
Created by:
saxplayer2011
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