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Sociology-Review
Mr. Johnson's Sociolgy Final Review 1 ch 5,6 & 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Secondary Relationships and groups | Impersonal and group oriented, accomplish a specific purpose (work groups, voulteers during disasters) In teractions between clerks and customers, employers and workers, dentist and paitent |
| Primary Realationships and groups | is composed of people who are emotionally close, know one another well, and seek one another's company. (enjoy being together) Their relationship is intimate, personal, caring and fulfilling |
| Social Aggregates | people who happen to be in the same place at the same time, such as students waiting in line for concert tickets |
| Social Categories | people who share a social charateristic. (High School senoirs) |
| Cooperation | A form of interactions in which individuals or groups combine their efforts to reach some goal (rules for a game, sharing household duties) |
| Coercion | a social interaction in which individuals or groups are forced to give into the will of other individuals or groups (prinsoners of war can be forced to reveal information tro enemies, governements can inforce laws through legilized punishment) |
| Conflict | Groups or individuals that work against one another for a larger share of the rewards are in conflict defating the oppenent is considered essential |
| Conformity | behavior that matches group expectations (when we conform we adapt our behavior to match those around us. |
| Groupthink | exists when thinking in a group is self-deceptive, based on conformity to group beliefs, and created by group pressure. (discourage members from expressing their concerns about groups desicions) |
| Social Exchange | A type of social interaction in which one person voluntarily does something for another, expecting a reward in return. |
| In-groups | requirers extreme loyalty from its members. Compel members to exclude others (completes with and is opposed to the out group) |
| Out-groups | a group toward which in-group members feel opposition, antagonism, or competition. (divide into we and they) |
| Differentail association theory | Emphasizes the role of primary group in transmitting deviance (if you associate with a deviant you are more likely to become a deviant) |
| Strain theory | Theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists betweeen cultural goals and the ability to achieve thses goals by legitimate means. (accepts goal of success, accepts hardwork as an appropriate way to succeed) |
| Labeling theory | Explains why deviance is relative. sometimes of two people breaking the norm only one may be labeled a deviant. (unmarried pregnant teenage girls are most negitively santioned then the teenage biological fathers (usually one is labeled) |
| Ritualism | The individual rejects the goal but continues to use the legitimate means. (the teacher goes about the daily routines of work without any concern for students or the quality of his or her teaching |
| Victim discounting | reduces the seriousness of crimes directed at members of lowern social classes. (if the vitim is less valuable the crime is less serious, penalty is less severe) |
| Retreatism | A devianty response in which both the legitimate means and the approved goals are rejected. (skid-row alcoholics, drug addicts, and bag laddies are retreatists they have dropped out, they are not successful and do not seek success) |
| Retribution | A type of punishment intended to make crimals pay for their acts. (eye for and eye, tooth for a tooth) |
| Social sanctions | Rewards and punishment designed to incourage desired behavior. (positive- increases in allowence, promotions negitive- fines and inprisonment |
| Deterrence | uses the threat of punishment to discourage crimal actions (punishment of a convicted criminal will server as an example to keep others from comitting crimes) |
| Conflict theroy and bonds between people and society | conformity to social norms deepends on the presence of strong bonds between individuals and society. (social bonds control the behavior of people thus preventing deviant acts) |
| Characteristics of deviant behavior | Acts against the norms (sleeping in class *or being Brooke*) |
| Formal Group | |
| Unformal Group | |
| Industrial societies | a dsociety that is depended upon science and technology to produce its basic goods and services (industrial revolution) |
| Postindustrial Societies | the economic emphasis is on providing services and information rather than on producing goods through basic manufactoring ( |
| Ascribed Status | |
| Role Conflict | |
| Role performance | |
| Role Strain | |
| Conflict theory on status and race | |
| Recidivism | |
| Rehabilitation | |
| Primary Deviance | |
| Secondary Deviance | |
| White collar crimes and their punishments |
Created by:
ambrecooper
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