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AP Psych Chapter 7
States of Consciousness
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| biological rhythms | periodic physiological fluctuations |
| circadian rhythm | a biological clock that regulates body rhythms, such as sleep and temperature, on a 24-hour cycle |
| REM sleep | Rapid Eye Movement sleep, the stage in which vivid dreams usually occur |
| alpha waves | relatively slow brain waves that occur during a relaxed, awake state |
| sleep | periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness |
| hallucinations | false sensory experiences, such as seeing something that isn't there |
| delta waves | large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep |
| insomnia | recurring problems with falling or staying asleep |
| narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable, erratic lapses into REM sleep |
| sleep apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by cessations of breathing during sleep that result in repeated awakenings |
| night terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and the appearance of being terrified that usually occurs during stage four sleep |
| dream | a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through the mind of a sleeping person |
| manifest content | Freud's concept of the remembered, explicit storyline of a dream |
| latent content | Freud's concept of the implicit, true meaning of a dream |
| hypnosis | a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behavior, will occur spontaneously |
| posthypnotic suggestion | a suggestion posed during hypnosis that is to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized |
| dissociation | a split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously in different levels of consciousness |
| psychoactive drug | a chemical substance that alters perception and mood |
| tolerance | the diminishing of a drug's effects that occurs with regular use of the same dose |
| withdrawal | the discomfort and distress that occur after discontinuing the use of an addictive drug |
| physical dependence | a physiological need for a drug |
| physiological dependence | a psychological need to use a drug, such as a need to relieve negative emotions |
| addiction | compulsive drug craving and use |
| depressants | drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. These include alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates. |
| barbiturates | drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement |
| opiates | opium and its derivatives. They depress neural activity. |
| stimulants | drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. These include caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and ecstasy. |
| amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and the associated energy and mood changes |
| methamphetamine | a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system |
| Ecstasy (MDMA) | a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen that induces euphoria and feeling of social intimacy |
| hallucinogens | psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke false images |
| LSD | a powerful hallucinogenic drug that is also known as acid |
| THC | the major active ingredient in marijuana. It triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations |
| near-death experience | an altered state of consciousness reported after a narrow escape from death |
| dualism | the theory that mind and body are two distinct, intertwined entities |
| monism | the theory that mind and body are different aspects of the same entity |
Created by:
Kingsclass
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