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AP Psych Chapter 6
Perception
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Selective Attention | The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect |
| Visual Capture | The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses |
| Gestalt | An organized whole - gestalt psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes |
| Figure-Ground | The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings |
| Grouping | The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups |
| Proximity | Grouping nearby figures together |
| Similarity | Grouping together figures that are similar to each other |
| Continuity | Perceiving smooth continuous patterns instead of fragmented ones |
| Closure | Filling in gaps to create a complete, whole object. |
| Connectedness | When we see things as a single unit because they are uniform and linked |
| Depth Perception | The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance |
| VIsual Cliff | A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals |
| Binocular Cues | Depth cues that depend on the use of two eyes |
| Monocular Cues | Distance cues available to either eye alone |
| Retinal Disparity | A binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance - the greater the disparity between the two images, the closer the object |
| Cocktail Party Effect | Your ability to attend to only one voice among many |
| Convergence | A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object |
| Relative Size | If we assume two objects are similar in size,we perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away. |
| Interposition | If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer. |
| Relative Clarity | We perceive hazy objects as farther away than sharp, clear objects. |
| Texture Gradient | A gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a fine, indistinct texture signals increasing distance. Objects far away appear smaller and more densely packed. |
| Relative Height | We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away. |
| Relative Motion (Motion Parallax) | As we move, objects that are actually stable may appear to move. |
| Linear Perspective | Parallel lines, such as railroad tracks, appear to converge with distance. |
| Relative Brightness (light and shadow) | Nearby objects reflect more light into our eyes. Given two identical objects, the dimmer one seems farther away. |
| Phi Phenomenon | An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession |
| Perceptual Constancy | Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change |
| Perceptual Adaptation | In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or inverted visual field |
| Perceptual Set | A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another |
| Extrasensory Perception (ESP) | The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input - said to include telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition |
| Parapsychology | The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis |
| Telepathy | The supposed communication of thoughts or ideas by means other than the known senses. |
| inattentional blindness | the failure to see visible objects when attention is directed somewhere else |
| Human Factors Psychology | A field that explores how machines and physical environments can be made safely and intuitively for human use |
Created by:
Kingsclass
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