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RADT308-Intro to rad

Covers first unit of positioning for radiology students

Question	Answer
35 x 43 cm is also known as what field size?	14x17
24 x 30 cm is also known as what field size	10x12
30 x 35 cm is also known as what field size	11x14
____________ is the patient dose category that has the highest numerical value	skin entrance exposure
cardinal principles of radiation protection	time, distance, shielding
Annual effective dose limit for a technologist for whole body exposure	5 rem
unit of radiation exposure in air	roentgen
unit of patient radiation exposure	rad
unit of occupational exposure	rem
unit of radioactivity	curie
reduction in the x-ray intensity due to scattering and absorption	attenuation
____________ is the patient dose category that has the highest numerical value	skin entrance exposure
cardinal principles of radiation protection	time, distance, shielding
Annual effective dose limit for a technologist for whole body exposure	5 rem
Imaging modality utilizing phosphor imaging plates that must be processed in a separate device	computed radiography
unit of radiation exposure in air	roentgen
unit of patient radiation exposure	rad
unit of occupational exposure	rem
The amount of the imaging plate that must be exposed when using CR	30%
unit of radioactivity	curie
xray energy/quality	kV
xray quantity/intensity	mAs
basic structural unit of all living tissue	cell
reduction in the x-ray intensity due to scattering and absorption	attenuation
these combine to form tissues	cells
ALARA stands for	as low as reasonably achievable
four types of tissues	epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
PACS stands for	picture archival communication system
these combine to form organs	tissues
these combine to form systems	organs
type of digital imaging that utilizes DELs to directly capture and transform x-ray photons into a digital image	flat panel detector (FPD) or TFT arrays
these combine to form an organism	systems
The amount of the imaging plate that must be exposed when using CR	30%
four functions of the skeletal system	support and protect, allow movement, produce blood cells, store calcium
CR imaging plates are _____ (more/less) sensitive to scatter than	more
study of bones	osteology
exposure factor primarily controls the number of photons in an x-ray beam	mAs
study of joints	arthrology
system that distributes oxygen to cells and transports wastes from cells	circulatory
primarily controls the contrast of a radiograph (analog imaging)	kV
system responsible for absorption of nutrients and elimiation of solid waste	digestive
basic structural unit of all living tissue	cell
these combine to form tissues	cells
system that regulates chemical composition of blood and eliminates waste products	urinary
four types of tissues	epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
system that reproduces the organism	reproductive
these combine to form organs	tissues
system that regulates body activities	nervous
these combine to form systems	organs
system that allows for movement, maintains posture and produces heat	muscular
these combine to form an organism	systems
four functions of the skeletal system	support and protect, allow movement, produce blood cells, store calcium
system that protects the body and eliminates waste through perspiration	integumentary
number of bones in the adult human body	206
all bones that lie in or near the central axis of the body	axial
study of bones	osteology
all bones of the upper and lower limbs as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdle	appendicular
study of joints	arthrology
type of bone that has a body and two ends	long
system that distributes oxygen to cells and transports wastes from cells	circulatory
system responsible for absorption of nutrients and elimiation of solid waste	digestive
type of bone that is found in the skull, sternum, rib and scapula	flat
system that supplies oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide	respiratory
process of bone development	ossification
system that regulates chemical composition of blood and eliminates waste products	urinary
primary center for bone growth	diaphysis
secondary center	epipysis
system that reproduces the organism	reproductive
system that regulates body activities	nervous
joint structure classification of being held together by fibrous tissue	fibrous
system that allows for movement, maintains posture and produces heat	muscular
joint structure classification of being held together by cartilage	cartilaginous
system that regulates body hormones	endocrine
joint structure classification by which the joint is incased in a synovial fluid capsule	synovial
system that protects the body and eliminates waste through perspiration	integumentary
joint function classification of immovable	synarthroidal
all bones that lie in or near the central axis of the body	axial
joint function classification of limited movement	amphiarthroidial
all bones of the upper and lower limbs as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdle	appendicular
joint function classification of freely moveable	diarthrodial
type of bone that has a body and two ends	long
type of bone that is cuboidal	short
type of bone that is found in the skull, sternum, rib and scapula	flat
peculiar shaped bones	irregular
process of bone development	ossification
primary center for bone growth	diaphysis
secondary center	epipysis
cartilage plate that is present until bone growth is complete	epipyseal plate
joint structure classification of being held together by fibrous tissue	fibrous
joint structure classification of being held together by cartilage	cartilaginous
joint structure classification by which the joint is incased in a synovial fluid capsule	synovial
joint function classification of immovable	synarthroidal
joint function classification of limited movement	amphiarthroidial
joint function classification of freely moveable	diarthrodial
refers to the cnter-most portion of the x-ray beam emitted from the x-ray tube	central ray
radiographs are displayed in this position	anatomic
imaging plane dividing left from right	sagittal
imaging plane dividing superior from inferior	transverse, horizontal or axial
imaging plane dividing anterior from posterior	coronal
another term for posterior	dorsal
another term for anterior	ventral
the top of the foot is known as the ______	dorsum or dorsal surface
the sole of the foot is known as the _____	plantar surface
Patient lying face up on the imaging table	supine
patient lying face down on the imaging table	pronde
patient lying down	recumbent
patient laying on side on imaging table	lateral recumbent
upright position	erect
recumbent position with head lower than feet	trendelenburg
recumbent position with feet lower than head	fowler's
recumbent oblique position with patient on left side with right knee and thigh flexed	Sim's
recumbent position with knees and hip flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally supported by ankle supports	lithotomy
patient lying supine with horizontal beam	dorsal decubitis
patient lying on left side with horizontal beam	left lateral decubitis
patient lying on right side with horizontal beam	right lateral decubitis
patient lying prone with horizontal beam	ventral decubitis
projection of CR where the beam enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior surface	PA
projection of the CR whereby the beam enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface	AP
projection of the CR whereby the beam enters the medial surface and exits the lateral surface	mediolateral
projection of the CR whereby the beam enters the lateral surface and exits the medial surface	lateromedial
projection of the CR that possesses an angle of 10 degrees or more along the long axis of the body or part	axial
projection of the CR that merely skims a body part to project it into profile and away from other body structures	tangential
projection of the CR that enters below the chin and exits the vertex	submentovertex (SMV)
toward the center	medial
away from center	lateral
near source or beginning	proximal
away from source or beginning	distal
to angle towards the head	cephalad
to angle towards the feet	caudal
turn body part on its axis	rotate
slanting movement with respect ot long axis	tilt
minimum number of markers that must be on every radiographic image	two
what type of markers must be on every radiographic image	patient ID, anatomic side
exceptions to the minimum two projections rule of positioning	protable chest, ap abdomen, ap pelvis
minimum number of projections for positioning and radiographic imaging	two
minimum number of projections for positioning when joints are involved	three
long bones (forearm, humerus, femur, hips, tib fib) typically require how many projections?	two
terminates the exposure when sufficient radiation has reached the ionization chamber	AEC
overall amount of blackness on a radiograph (analog imaging)	density
small oval shaped bones found in tendons	sesmoid
examples of synovial joints	hip, elbow, radioulnar, intermetacarpal, intercarpal, interphalangeal, shoulder, knee, TMJ, ankle
to turn palm facing up	supination
to turn palm facing down	pronation
foriegn body imaging exams require how many projections (minimum)	two
Increasing kV by 15% will have the same effect as doubling the mAs. This is known as what rule?	15% rule
the amount of time generally used in diagnostic radiography for the exposure of an image is in what measurement unit?	milliseconds
positioning an AP thoracic spine with the superior aspect under the anode side of the x-ray tube is utilizing the _______________.	anode heel effect
low kV gives you this scale of contrast (analog imaging)	short
high kV gives you this scale of contrast (analog imaging)	long
short scale contrast is also known as _____ contrast.	high
long scale contrast is also known as _____ contrast.	low
spatial resolution is most directly affected by what?	focal spot size or matrix/pixel size
shorter SID will ______ distortion	increase
ability of a digital imaging system to distinguish between similar tissues	contrast resolution
bit depth is related to ____ of an image	contrast resolution
number of x-rays that strike an image receptor	signal
random disturbance that oscures or reduces clarity	noise
intensity of light that represents the individual pixels in the image on the monitor	brightness
a high SNR will have _____ noise	less
signal (receptor exposure) is controlled greatly by this	mAs
_____ refers to an image receptor aligned crosswise to the anatomy	landscape
_____ refers to an image receptor aligned lengthwise to the anatomy	portrait
filters out a portion of the primary beam toward the thin or less dense part of the body being imaged	compensating filter
used to absorb scatter photons that we don't want on the image	grid
the grid must remain completely ______ to the x-ray beam path	perpendicular
type of grid that has a specified SID to be used with it	focused
reason for grid cutoff with a loss of receptor exposure at the periphery of the image	upside-down grid
two types of motion	voluntary, involuntary
type of motion controlled by the patient	voluntary
a numeric value that is representative of the exposure an image receptor received in digital imaging	exposure index
Cumulative dose limit for occupationally exposed workers	1 rem x age
general population dose limit	0.1 rem
minimum lead equivalent thickness worn during a fluoroscopy procedure	0.5 mm

Created by: hschmuck1

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