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Ch. 51 Pharm
Bowel Disorder Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is fx of liver | stores vitamins/iron destroys old RBCs destroys poisons bile acid digestion |
| what is fx of gallbladder | stores and concentrates bile |
| what is fx of pancreas | hormones regulate blood glucose levels, bicarbonates neutralize stomach acid, trypsin/chymotrypsin digest proteins, amylase digests polysaccharides, lipase digests lipids |
| what is difference b/n acute and chronic diarrhea | acute- lasts 3 days to 2 weeks, self limiting, resolves w/o sequelae chronic- more than 3 wks |
| what are some causes of acute diarrhea causes of chronic | acute- bacterial, viral, drug induced, nutritional factors, protozoa Chronic- tumors, diabetes, Addison's disease, hyperthyroidism, irritable bowel, AIDS |
| what is MOA of antidiarrheals | coat walls of GI tract, bind to toxin/bacteria, anticholinergic ex: pepto bismol, activated charcoal |
| what are examples of antimotility | anticholinergic, paregoric, opium tincture, codeine, loperamid(Lomotil), diphenoxylate |
| what is MOA of intestinal flora modifiers | probiotics, supply missing bacteria to GI, suppress growth of diarrhea-causing bacteria |
| adverse effects of antidiarrheals | incr bleeding time, constipation, dark stools, confusion, twitching, hearing loss, tinnitus, metallic taste, blue gums |
| what is important to remember with antidiarrheals | Do not give bismuth subsalicylate to children or teens with chixpox or influenza b/c of Reye's Syndrome |
| the anticholinergic effect of antidiarrheals should not be given to which pts | glaucoma, GI obstruction, myasthenia gravis, paralytic ileus, toxic megacolon |
| What are the 6 properties of laxatives | bulk forming emollient hyperosmotic saline stimulant periphally acting opioid antagonists |
| how to bulk forming work | high fiber, absorb water to incr bulk ex: metamucil, citrucel Use for: acute/chronic constipation, irritable bowel, diverticulosis |
| how do emollients work | stool softeners/lubricants, promote h2o/fat in stools ex: colace, surfak, mineral oil Use for: a/c con, fecal impaction |
| how do hyperosmotics work | incr fecal water content, incr peristalsis ex: PEG, glycerin, lactulose(also for high ammonia levels) use for: chronic, diagnostic/surgical preps |
| how does saline work | casue more h20 to enter intestines ex: Milk of mag, citroma Use for: const, diagnostic/surgical preps |
| how do stimulants work | incr peristalsis via intestinal nerve stimulation ex: senekot, dulcolax Use for: acute const, diag/surg |
| how do peripherally acting opioid antagonists work | block opioid entrance in bowel, allow continued opioid use ex: Relistor, Entereg |
| Adverse effects of bulk forming | impaction, fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance, esophageal blockage |
| adverse for emollient | skin rashes, decr absorption of vitamins, electrolyte imbalances, lipid pneumonia |
| adverse for hyperosmotic | abd bleeding, electrolyte imbalance, rectal irritation |
| adverse for saline | Mg toxicity, cramping, electrolyte imbalance, diarrhea, incr thirst |
| adverse for stimulants | nutrient malabsorption, skin rashes, gastric irritation, electrolyte imlabances, discolored urine, rectal irritation |
| all laxatives can cause | electrolyte imbalance |
| all bulk forming laxatives should be taken with how much water in ml | 240ml = 8 oz |
| bisacodyl should be given with what | water, not milk antacids or juice |
Created by:
palmerag
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