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MGMT:Ch4
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Hofstede's Model of Four Cultural Dimensions | (1) Individualism/Collectivism (2) Power Distance (3) Uncertainty Avoidance (4) Masculinity/Femininity |
Individualism/Collectivism | How loosely or tightly are people socially bonded? |
Individualism | loosely knit social framework; people take care of themselves (US, Australia, Sweden, France, Canada, UK) |
Collectivism | tightly knit social framework and which people and organizations look after one another (Costa Rica, Thailand, Mexico, China, Guatemala) |
Power Distance | degree to which people accept inequality in social situations |
High Power Distance | people accept inequality in power among people, institutions, and organizations (Mexico, India, Thailand, Panama, Philippines) |
Low Power Distance | people expect equality in power (US, Sweden) |
Uncertainty Avoidance | how strongly do people desire certainty; being comfortable with risk and uncertainty |
High Uncertainty Avoidance | people feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and support beliefs that promise certainty or conformity |
Low Uncertainty Avoidance | people have high tolerance for the uncertain and ambiguous |
Masculinity/Femininity | how much do people embrace stereotypical male/female traits |
Other Cultural Variations (5) | Language, Interpersonal Space, Communication, Time Orientation, Religion |
1. Language | (a) speak your own language (b) use translator (c) learn local language |
2. Interpersonal Space | how close/far away one should be when communication |
4. Time Orientation | Monochronic Time: preference for doing one thing at a time; Polychronic Time: doing more than one thing at a time |