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Exam Time Yo!
Psychology- Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absentmindedness | Shallow Encoding of events (One of the sins) |
| Amnesia | Limits remembering long term memory from disease, brain injury, or psychological traumas |
| Anterograde Amnesia | Inability to form new memories |
| Blocking | Temporary inability to remember something you know (ex: best friends name)(ONE OF THE SINS) |
| Change Blindness | Common failure to notice large changes in environments |
| Chunking | Organizing info into groups to make it easier to remember |
| Confabulation | False recollection of episodic memory |
| Consolidation | Hypothetical process involving short term memories transferring into long term memory |
| Cryptomnesia | When someone thinks they came up with a new idea when actually retrieved a stored idea and cant remember that it was from another source |
| Declarative Memory | knowledge that can be declared |
| Encoding | Processing of information so that it can be stored |
| Encoding Specificity Principle | Any stimulus that is encoded along with an experience can later trigger memory for the experience |
| Episodic Memory | memory for one's personal past experiences |
| Explicit Memory | process involved when people remember specific info (facts) |
| Flashbulb Memories | vivid memories for the circumstances in which one first learned of a surprising, consequential, or emotionally arousing event (finding out about 9/11) |
| Forgetting | the inability to retrieve memory from long term storage |
| Implicit Memory | the system underlying unconscious memories ( not knowing we remember something) |
| Long term memory (LTM) | relatively permanent storage of information. Limit=limitless |
| memory | nervous systems capacity to acquire and retain usable skills and knowledge |
| memory bias | altering memories to make them cope better to prior beliefs (ONE OF THE SINS) |
| mnemonics | strategies for improving memory |
| modal memory model | Three stage memory system that involves sensory, short term, and long term memory. |
| parallel processing | processing multiple types of info at the same time |
| post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) | mental disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma. like persistence. (ONE OF THE SINS) |
| proactive interference | when prior information inhibits the abiltity to remember new information |
| procedural memory | type of implicit memory that involves motor skills and behavioral habits (riding a bike without thinking of it) |
| prospective memory | remembering to do something at some time in the future |
| reconsolidation | neural process involved when memories are recalled and stored again for later retrieval |
| retrieval | the act of recalling/remembering stored information to use it |
| retrieval cue | anything that helps recall info from memory |
| retroactive interference | when new information inhibits the ability to remember old info |
| retrograde amnesia | condition in which people lose past memories, like events, facts, people, or personal info |
| schema | hypothetical cognitive structure that helps us perceive, process, and use info |
| semantic memory | memory for knowledge about the world |
| sensory memory | memory for sensory info that is stored briefly stored close to its original form |
| serial position effect | effect that relies on the ability to recall items from a list depends on order of presentation. items presented early or late in the list remembered better than those in middle |
| short term memory (STM) | limited capacity memory system that holds info in awareness for for a brief period |
| source amnesia | tpye of amnesia that occurs shows memory for an event but cant remember where they encountered the info |
| source misattribution | memory distortion that occurs when people dont remember the time, place, person, or circumstances involved with a memory (ONE OF THE SINS) |
| spatial memory | memory for the physical environment: includes location of objects, direction, and cognitive maps |
| storage | the retention of encoded representations over time that corresponds to some change in the nervous system that registers the event |
| suggestibility | development of biased memories when people are provided with misleading info (someone says it was a yield sign and not a stop sign)(ONE OF THE SINS) |
| transcience | pattern of forgetting overtime (ONE OF THE SINS) |
| working memory (WM) | active processing system that keeps different types of info available for current use. |
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