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Ch. 47 Pharm
Antineoplastic Drugs Pt. 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is antineoplastic mean | against new tissue growth like cancers |
| Why do cancer cells grow uncontrollably | 1. they do not have growth control mechanisms 2. Do not have positive physiologic fx |
| What is a cancerous primary legion | original site of growth |
| What is metastasis | uncontrolled cell growth, secondary lesion in new, remote part of body |
| what is neoplasm | mass of new cells, tumor |
| what two types of tumors | benign, malignant |
| what are three types of cancer | carcinomas- arise from epithelial cells "epi car" Sarcomas- from connective tissue ex: Kaposi's sarcoma Lymphomas/Leukemias- circulating tumors or hematologic malignancies |
| what are paraneoplastic syndromes | alongside with cancer cachexia- most common, fatigue, fever, wt loss |
| chemotherapy is subdivided in two groups | cell cycle-nonspecific (CCNS) cell cycle-specific (CCS) |
| How do CCS-cell cycle specific drugs work on cancer | cytotoxic- hurt cell at certain phase |
| What is important to know about chemotherapy | narrow therapeutic window combo better drug resistance adverse effect dose limiting adverse effects |
| what is dose limiting adverse effects | can't go higher in dose cause effects are so bad |
| which non cancerous cells do chemotherapy effect the most | rapid growing like hair follicles, GI tract, bone marrow |
| which dose limiting effects are seen most often in the body | GI tract and bone marrow |
| Name 5 types of cancer tumors that cell cycle specific drugs attack | antimetabolites mitotic inhibitors alkaloid topoisomerase 2 inhibitors Topoisomerase I inhibitor Antineoplastic enzymes |
| How do antimetabolites work | kill off folic acid, purine antagonists, pyrimidine antagonists...all for DNA formation |
| what is example of antimetabolite | methotrexate- also for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, allows leucovorin "rescue"- given to protect healthy folic acid and reduce bone marrow suppression |
| what do mitotic inhibitors do | work before/during mitosis, CCS |
| what natural plants are mitotic inhibitors derived from | periwinkle, yew, mayapple |
| What do alkaloid topoisomerase II inhibitors do | CCS, hurt DNA |
| Name a alkaloid topoisomerase II inhibitors | camptothecins- chinese shrub, not used b/c toxicities |
| what is odd adverse effect | irinotecan causes cholinergic diarrhea( delayed, 2-10 days later) |
| what is important nursing assessment before antineoplastic drugs | blood counts |
| what are adverse reactions for all antineoplastic drugs | hair loss, N/V, myelosuppression (bone marrow suppressed = less RBCs), stomatitis (sores in mouth) |
| what is CTZ stimulation antiemtics work best when given when | trigger in brain that's responsible for nausea 30-60 before chemo |
Created by:
palmerag
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