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bkx PSY212 T1
PSY-212 Test #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Four Goals of Science | 1) Describe behavior 2) Understand behavior 3) Predict behavior 4) Apply behavior |
| Two Types of Behavioral Study | 1) Nomothetic 2) Idiographic |
| Nomothetic | Tendency to generalize |
| Idiographic | Tendency to specify (case-studies) |
| Something is EMPIRICAL if... | ...it is directly observable |
| Three Characteristics of the Experimental Method | 1) Manipulation of an independent variable 2) Power to assign participants to conditions 3) Control over extraneous variables |
| Three Types of Independent Variable Manipulation | 1) Instructional 2) Environmental 3) Invasive |
| Factorial Design | Involves more than one variable |
| Internal Validity | Researcher's confidence in causation |
| External Validity | Generalizability |
| Mundane Realism | Experimental setting LIKE real life |
| Experimental Realism | Experimental setting IS real life |
| What does a correlation of zero mean? | There is no LINEAR correlation, but there may be another kind. |
| Quasi-Experimental Design | Takes advantage of existing groups (such as two similar schools) |
| Three Kinds of Descriptive Research | 1) Naturalistic observation 2) Surveys 3) Case studies |
| IRB | Institutional Review Board |
| Two Features of Psychometrics | 1) Reliability 2) Validity |
| Three Types of Reliability | 1) Test-retest reliability 2) Inter-item reliability 3) Inter-rater reliability |
| Three Types of Validity | 1) Face validity 2) Construct validity 3) Criterion validity |
| Four Kinds of Nonverbal Behavior | 1) Physical characteristics 2) Body language (kinesic cues) 3) Vocal cues (paralanguage) 4) Distance (proxemics) |
| Three Footprints of Possessions | 1) Identity claims 2) Feeling regulators 3) Behavioral residue |
| Implicit Personality Theory | Certain traits go along together and there may be keystone traits (example: someone "warm" might be assumed to also be likable, friendly, and approachable) |
| Primacy Effect | The order of information plays a role in first impressions |
| Illusory Correlation Effect | The belief that two things are correlated when they really aren't |
| Three Conditions of the Correspondent Inferences Theory | 1) Actions freely chosen 2) Actions undesirable 3) Actions with uncommon effects These cues suggest intentionality of behavior. |
| Hedonic Relevance | Stronger internal attributions when behavior affects us directly (pain or pleasure) |
| Personalism | Stronger internal attributions when behavior is directed at you |
| Negativity Bias | Actions with undesirable consequences are more likely to be attributed to the person |
| Three Features of Kelly's Cube | 1) Distinctiveness 2) Consistency 3) Consensus These cues can suggest whether something is the result of internal or external causes. |
| Weiner's Model | TABLE: Internal External Stable Ability Task difficulty Unstable Effort Luck |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | Tendency to make internal attributions for other people's behaviors |
| Actor-Observer Bias | Internal attributions for the behavior of others and external attributions for our own behavior |
| Misattribution | Attributing something to the wrong source |
| Three Dimensions of Explanatory Style | 1) Permanence (stable/unstable) 2) Pervasiveness (global/specific) 3) Personalization (internal/external) These are the determining factors of how we explain things that happen. |
| ABC Exercise | 1) Adversity 2) Belief 3) Effect |
Created by:
bamkapowxo
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