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Ch. 37 Pharm
Bronchodilators & Other Resp. Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are common respiratory diseases of LRI | COPD, asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis |
| What are some physiological changes that occur with bronchial asthma | inflammation of bronchial mucosa, edema of bronchial mucosa, viscid mucus |
| what are three categories of bronchial asthma | allergic, idiopathic, mixed allergic/idiopathic |
| what is status asthmaticus | medical emergency that is a prolonged attack not respond to typical drug therapy, min-hours |
| why might cause chronic bronchitis | long exposure to allergens/irritants, continuous inflammation of bronchi |
| Physiologically, what happens with emphysema | air spaces enlarge due to alveoli walls being desryed reducing surface area of gas exchange, reduce resp. |
| Name long term drug for asthma | leukotriene receptor antagonists, inhaled steroids, long-acting beta2 agonists |
| Name quick relief drug conditions | IV systemic corticosteroids, short-acting inhaled beta2 agonists |
| What are bronchodilators: Long term or quick relief | quick relief B2 agaonists, |
| Name three types of bronchodilators, B-agonists | nonselective adrenergics(stimulate a1, b1(heart), b2 receptors (Epi) Nonselective B-adrenergics (both B1 & B2) Selective B2- albuterol- can cause hypo/hypertension |
| B-agonists or selective B2 drugs specifially activate what | cAMP |
| What is cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate- gives energy |
| B-agonists can be used in what other conditions | HTN, shock, produce uterine relaxation in premature labor |
| Adverse effects of B-agonists | insomnia, restlessness, anorexia, vascular headache, hyperglycemia, tremor, cardiac stimulation, anginal pain |
| what happens to albuterol at higher doses | loses B2 specific action if used too freq. and stimulates B1- incr HR |
| Are anticholinergics quick relief or long term | Long term, Ach constricts, so anticholinergics bind to prevent and open airway |
| Spiriva is an anticholinergic used to prevent what | bronchoconstriciton, slow prolonged action |
| what should you think of when you hear xanthine | caffeine |
| what is an example of a xanthine derivative | theophyline- bronchodilator |
| Xanthine MOA | incr cAMP, smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilation, incr airflow, cardio stimulation(incr HR, CO, blood flow to kidneys leading to diuretic effect) |
| what is adverse effect of xanthine | gotta pee now, GI reflux, palpitations |
| what drugs do xanthine particular bump into | tagamet, contraceptives, allpurinol, some antibiotics |
| What are Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs) | released when trigger starts chemical reactions in body, inflammation, bronchoconstriction, mucus, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath |
| What is MOA of LTRA | block leukotrines, prevent mucus, constriction, inflammation ex: Singular |
| Is LRTAs long term or quick relief | long term, used for chronic asthma, not acute or status asthmaticus |
| what do corticosteroids do, and are they long term or quick relief | antiinflammatory, long term chronic asthma ex: Flonase |
| what is adverse effects of corticosteroids | oral fungal infection, pharyngeal irritation, coughing, dry mouth |
| what is important about giving B-agonist bronchodilator and corticosteroid | always give bronchodilator several min before corticosteroid. Opens airway for corticosteroid |
Created by:
palmerag
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