Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 36 Pharm
antihistimines, decongest, antitussives, expectorants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| With the common cold, what does it mean to release vasoactive substances | dilating vessels, causing nasal congestion |
| Treatment for the common cold is usually for what | symptoms, not cure, does not eliminate viral pathogen. Empiric therapy, treating the most likely cause antihistimines, nasal decongestants, antitussives, & expectorants |
| What are the two histamine receptors | Histamine 1, Histamine 2 |
| Which histamine antagonists are commonly referred to as antihistamines | H1 antagonists ex: diphenhydramine(benadryl), loratidine (claritin) |
| What properties do antihistamines have | antihistamine, anticholinergic, sedative |
| What do H2 antagonists or H2 blockers do | reduce gastric acid in peptic ulcer disease ex: cimetidine (tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), famotidine (Pepcid) |
| What can histamine cause | allergic rhinitis(hay fever, mold, dust), anaphylaxis, drug fevers, angioneurotic edema (lip swelling), insect bite reactions, itching(uticaria) |
| What is MOA of antihistamine | block histamine from sitting down in receptor sites, however, cannot bump histamine out of site if already there. Take hist. early |
| antihistamines helps prevent the adverse reactions of histamine which are | vasodilation, incr GI & resp secretions, incr capillary permeability (allow subst. leak into tissue) |
| Histamine vs antihistamine effects on the cardiovascular system | Histamine - dilation, permeability AH- reduce dilation, permeability |
| Histamine vs antihistamine effects on the smooth muscle | Histamine- stimumlates salivary,gastric,lacrimal,bronchial glands AH- reduce |
| Histamine vs antihistamine effects on the immune system | H- mast cells release hist, allergic reactions AH- binds to receptors, block hist response |
| Antihistamine effects on skin, anticholinergic, and as a sedative | Skin- wheal and flare formation, itching anticholinergic- drying sedative- drowsy |
| What can antihistamines be used for | allergies, motion sickness, Parkinson's disease, sleep disorders ex: Tylenol PM- has benadryl, save liver |
| what are adverse effects of antihistamines | anticholinergic- can't see, can't pee, can't spit, can't &$@! Take with gum/candy, w/ meals |
| What are two types of antihistamines | traditional nonsedating/peripherally acting |
| Traditional antihistamines work where | both peripherally and centrally |
| traditional antihistamines work better than nonsedative why | have anticholinergic effects |
| Nonsedative has what adv. over traditional antihistamines | longer duration of action, incr compliance (Allegra, Claritin, Zyrtec) work peripherally, less CNS effects |
| Antihistamines should not be used in what conditions | asthma, pneumonia, card/renal disease, HTN, COPD, BPH- benign prostatic hyperplasia, pregnancy |
| What are the three main types of decongestants used | Adrenergics(most common), Anticholinergics(least common), Corticosteroids(topical, intranasal |
| What is an adv. of oral to topical decongestants | no rebound congestion |
| How do decongestants work and where | constrict blood vessels that supply URI structures, stuffy relieved |
| what are adverse effects of adrenergic decongestants of steroids... | nervousness, insomnia, palpitations, tremors nose bleeds (dryness) |
| which pts might not be able to take decongestants | HTN, heart conditions, drug allergies |
| what are two basic types of cough | productive/nonproductive |
| when can coughing not be helpful | hernia repair surgery patients, intracranial conditions |
| When are antitussives used | only for nonproductive coughs opioid and nonopioid |
| how do opioids in antitussives work | suppress cough reflex by direct action on the cough center of the medulla ex: codeine, hydrocodone |
| how do nonopioids in antitussive work | numb stretch receptors in resp tract and prevent cough reflex ex: benzonatate (Tessalon Perles), dextromethorphan (Vicks 44, Robitussin-DM) |
| adverse effects of antitussives | dizzy, sedation, nausea |
| what is definition of expectorant what is MOA | removal of mucus, reduce viscosity of secretions, thin secretions direct/reflex stimulation |
| what is an example of a reflex stimulation expectorant, what is adverse affect | guafenesin,Mucinex thinning of resp. secretions that occur in response to irritate GI |
| How does expectorant act as direct stimulate | secretory glands directly stimulated to incr production....reduces need to cough |
| Iodinated glycerol has what adverse effects | GI irritation, rash, enlarged thyroid gland |
| what herbal products can act against the common cold | Echinacea, cause dermatitis, GI upset, dizzy, headache |
| what is useful for expectorants to be more effective | more fluids, not for elderly with asthma or resp insufficiency |
Created by:
palmerag
Popular Pharmacology sets