Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psychology
Final Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stress | the physiological and psychological response to a condition that threatens or challenges a person and requires some form of adaptation or adjustment |
| Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome | the predictable sequence of reactions that organisms show in response to stressors |
| Lazarus’s Cognitive Theory of Stress | • Richard Lazarus contends that it is not the stressor itself that causes stress, but a person’s perception of the stressor |
| Problem-focused coping | is direct; it consists of reducing, modifying, or eliminating the source of the stress itself |
| Emotion-focused coping | involves reappraising a stressor in order to reduce its emotional impact |
| Proactive coping | efforts or actions taken in advance of a potentially stressful situation to prevent its occurrence or to minimize its consequences |
| Approach – approach conflict | a conflict arising from having to choose between desirable alternatives |
| Avoidance – avoidance conflict | a conflict arising from having to choose between two undesirable alternatives |
| Approach – avoidance conflict | a conflict arising when a single choice has both desirable and undesirable features |
| Wellness | a new approach to thinking about health that encompasses a growing emphasis on lifestyle, preventive care, and the need to maintain wellness rather than thinking of health matters only when the body is sick |
| Coronary heart disease | caused by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries and can be caused by high levels of stress and job strain |
| 4 personal factors reducing the impact of stress and illness | optimism, hardiness, social support, religious involvement |
| Alternative medicine | any treatment or therapy that has not been scientifically demonstrated to be effective |
| Personality | an individual’s characteristic patterns of behaving, thinking, and feeling |
| Sigmund Freud’s Structures of the Mind | Conscious, preconscious, unconscious |
| Oral stage (birth to 1 year) | during this stage, the mouth is the primary source of an infant’s sensual pleasure |
| Anal stage (1 to 3 years) | during this stage, children derive sensual pleasure, Freud believed, from expelling and withholding feces |
| Phallic stage (3 to 5 or 6 years) | during this stage, children learn that they can derive pleasure from touching their genitals, and masturbation is common |
| Latency period (5 or 6 years to puberty) | the sex instinct is repressed and temporarily sublimated in school and play activities, hobbies, and sports |
| Genital stage (from puberty on) | in this stage, the focus of sexual energy gradually shifts to the opposite sex for the majority of people |
| Jung and Analytical Psychology | did not consider the sexual instinct to be the main factor in personality; nor did he believe that the personality is almost completely formed in early childhood |
| Alfred Adler and Individual Psychology | emphasized the unity of the personality rather than the separate warring components of id, ego, and superego. He also maintained that the drive to overcome feelings of inferiority acquired in childhood motivates most of our behavior |
| Self-actualization | means developing to one’s fullest potential |
| Maslow | Everyone has the potential to be self-actualized |
| Rogers | When self-concept and ideal self agree, we move naturally toward self-actualization |
| Study psychological disorders | Study pyschological disorders |
| Psychotherapy | Uses psychological rather than biological means to treat emotional and behavioral disorders |
Created by:
hardcoresoccer07
Popular Psychology sets