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Phys Chapter 9ABC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Flows from hot to cold: | Heat |
| Heat is an object's: | Thermal energy |
| Atoms, molecules, ions, and their subatomic particles are in: | Constant motion and have Kinetic energy. They also exert attractive or repulsive forces which generate potential energies among the particles. |
| Add the potential energies and the kinetic energies together and you get: | the total internal energy of matter. |
| Affected by changes in pressure and volume: | Internal energy and Thermal energy. |
| Thermal energy is: | The sum of all kinetic energies. |
| Thermal energy is only a PART of: | The internal energy. |
| Thermal energy can only be measured as it is transferred from: | One system to another. |
| You can measure the change in thermal energy by measuring the change in: | Temperature. |
| When molecules start moving more they are: ___ kinetic energy. | gaining |
| When you gain kinetic energy you: ___ your thermal energy and your temperature. | increase |
| Transferring particle kinetic energy, the motion, is called: | Heating or cooling. |
| The object is cooled when its particle kinetic energy is: | Transferred to another coole object. |
| A loss of thermal energy is usually accompanied by: | Falling temperatures. |
| A gain of thermal energy is uaually accompanied by: | Rising temperatures. |
| The temperature of an object is diectly related to: | The Average kinetic energy of its atoms and molecules. |
| Temperature is measured in degrees using: | A thermometers. |
| Many thermometers work by measuring the expansion of a liquid or metal when it gets: | Hotter and gains thermal energy. |
| If the substance is warmer than the thermometer, thermal energy is ___ from the substance to the thermometric material. | transferred |
| If the substance is cooler than the thermometer, the thermal energy is transferred ___ of the thermometer into the object, again because heat moves from hot to cold. | out |
| Gabriel Fahrenheit created: | Fudicial points & the Fahrenheit scale. |
| Fudicial points are: | Fixed, precisely known, and easily reproducible temperature values. |
| Anders Celsius created: | The Celsius scale. |
| Lord Kelvin created: | The Kelvin Scale. |
| The advantage of the Kelvin scale is: | There are NO negative vaules. |
| Thermal expansion happens: | On the particle level. |
| Thermal expansion is when: | Particles gain energy and move away from eachother more. Objects get bigger or gain volume. This is why sidewalks have a line in them. |
| Electrical resistance: | Increases with increasing temperature because the electrons move more /randomly/. |
| Electrical resistance is a way to measure: | How well electricity is conducted. |
| Resistance refers to: | Resisisting the flow of electricity. |
| Viscosity: | The measure of resistance of liquids to flow. Decreases with increasing temperature. |
| The more viscous a liquid is: | The slower it flows. |
| Heat: | The /quantity/ of thermal energy that /flows/ from one place to another. |
| Heat transfers occour through: | Conduction, convection, and radiation. |
| Conduction: | When two objects of different temperatures touch, thermal energy moves from the hotter object to the cooler one. |
| Thermal equilibrium: | When the hotter object will cool the cooler object and will heat until all particles in both objects are moving at the same rate- have the same kinetic energy- have the same temperature. |
| Conduction is: | The chief process by which thermal energy moves through solids. |
| ___ materials can conduct thermal energy. | All |
| Diamonds are the ___ natural conductor of thermal energy. | best |
| Convection is: | Thermal energy carried from one location to another by a fluid. |
| Natural convection occours: | Under the influence of gravity. |
| Convection current is: | Warmer fluids rise, which makes sence because warmer things have more energy and can spread apart more making them less Hot air rises. Hot water rises. The opposite is also true. Colder fluids sink because they arem ore dense. |
| Atmospheric convection is responsible for: | many kinds of winds near the earth's surface and for large-scale atmospheric circulation. |
| Radiation is: | Thermal energy that radiates from the source outward. |
| The higher the temperature of the substance, the ___ electromagnet energy is emitted. | more |
| Radiant does not need this to use matter to move between systems: | Energy. |
| Thermal energy needs this to move: | Matter. |
| Materials that resist the flow of thermal energy (hold heat in or out) are: | Thermal insulators. |
| Good conductions have atoms: | Close together. |
| Insulators, or bad conductors, have atmos that are: | Farther apart. |
| The relationship between the amount of thermal energy absorbed and the termperature changed caused by this: | Heat Capacity. |
| Heat capacity is found in: | Joules/Degree Celsius(or Kelvin). |
| Heat capacity is: | The amount of energy an object must gain to cause a temperature change of 1 degree Celsius. |
| The larger the heat capacity the ___ it is to heat that object up. | harder |
| Formula for heat capacity: | Q=mc[delta]t |
| Specific Heat is: | the heat capacity per gram of material. The amount of thermal energy that must be gained or lost to change the temperature of 1g of the substance 1 degree C. |
| The unit for specific heat is: | j/g degree C. |
| Freezing is: | the phase change as a substance changes from a liquid to a solid. |
| Melting is: | the phase change as a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. |
| Condensation is: | the phase change as a substance changes from a gas to a liquid. |
| Vaporization is: | the phase change as a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. |
| Sublimation is: | the phase change as a substance changes from a solid to a gas without passing through the intermediate state of a liquid. |
| Deposition is: | the phase change as a substance changes from a gas to a solid without passing through the intermediate state of a liquid. |
| Triple Point: | The temperatue and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and gas phases EXIST SIMULTANEOUSLY. |
| Critical point: | The temperature above which a substance will /always/ be a gas regardless of the pressure. |
| The solid phase is: | more dense than the liquid phase. |
| The line between the solid and liquid phases is: | a curve of all the freezing/melting points of the substance. |
| The line between the liquid and gas phases is: | a curve of all the boiling points of the substance. |
| The freezing point is: | the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. |
| The boiling point is: | the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is /equal/ to the pressure on the liquid. |
| The Normal standard boiling point is: | the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to standard pressure. |
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