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Pharm I 2011
Pharm Unit IV med sheet
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Docusate Trade Name | Colace |
| Docusate Category | Emollient |
| Docusate Use | Stool softener - facilitate mixing of aqueous and fatty materials |
| Docusate Dosage | 50-500mg/day divided in 1-4 doses |
| Docusate AE | very safe, diarrhea or abd cramps possible |
| Docusate more effective for what | prevention of constipation - use w/opiate administration |
| Metoclopramide Trade Name | Reglan |
| Metoclopramide category | Promotility agent |
| metoclopramide use | increase rate of gastric emptying (diabetic gastroparesis, GERD) |
| Metoclopramide AE | Occasional extrapyramidal side effects, restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, N/D, Black Box Warning for Tardive Dyskinesia w/long-term use (abn movemnts of face&mouth) |
| Metoclopramide CI | Hypersens, GI obstruction, perforation or hemorrhage, pheochromocytoma, hx of seizures, concominant use of other agents likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects |
| Metoclopramide Drug Interax | :↑risk of HTN w/MAOi, ↑toxicity of antipsychotics, ↓absorption of many drugs (d/t^motility) |
| Metoclopramide Preg Category | B |
| Omeprazole Trade Name | Prilosec |
| Omeprazole Category | PPI |
| omeprazole Use | PUD & GERD |
| Omeprazole Dose DU/GU Healing/maitenance | 20-40mg qday |
| Omeprazole Dose intermitt/mild hrtbrn | 20mg qday |
| Omeprazole Doze Sx GERD | 20mg q day 4-8weeks |
| Omeprazole Dose length of time for healing erosize esophagitis/mod severe Sx/complications | 4-16 weeks |
| Omeprazole AE | Occas D/N/constipation, HA, dizziness, skin rash,rebound acid hypersecretion not tapered/stepped down to H2RA, overuse = frx risk d/t ↓Ca2+ abs (advise pts to get adequate Ca2+ & VitD), ↑risk of pneumonia or C.diff, ↓Mg |
| Omeprazole CI | Hypersensitivity to Omeprazole or substituted benzimidazoles |
| Omeprazole Drug Interax | ↓clopidogrel’s active metabolite levels and antiplatelet activity |
| Omeprazole Preg Cat | C |
| Prochlorperazine Trade Name | Compazine Compro |
| Prochlorperazine Category | Phenothiazine - block dopamine stimulation CTZ |
| Prochlorperazine Use | Severe motion sickness, vertigo, NVP, PONV, CINV |
| Prochlorperazine Dose | 5-10mg 3-4times/day max 40mg/day |
| Prochlorperazine AE | sedation, orthostatis |
| Prochlorperazine CI | Crosses placenta – low doses may be safe for pregnancy. Secreted in breast milk unknown-use caution Don’t use /Dofetilide and Metoclopramide Not recommended for children <9kg or <2yrs |
| Ranitidine Trade Name | Zantac |
| Ranitidine Category | H2RA |
| Ranitidine Use | PUD & GERD - Inhibits gastric acid secretion |
| Ranitidine Dosage DU/GU healing and maitenance | 150 mg bid or 300 mg qhs - healing 150-300mg qhs - maint |
| Ranitidine Dosage intermittent/mild heartburn | 75mg qday bid |
| ranitidine dosage Sx GERD | 150 mg BIG 6-12 weeks |
| Ranitidine AE | D/N/V, Rare bone marrow suppression, Hepatotox, Confusion, Hallucinations |
| Ranitidine CI | Hypersensitivity to it *Reduce dose w/mod to severe renal impairment |
| Ondansetron Trade Name | Zofran |
| Ondansetron Category | 5HT3 Antagonist |
| Ondansetron Usage | Prevention/Tx CINV/PONV |
| Ondansetron AE | generally well tolerated, constipation Ha, somnolence (drowsiness – state of near sleep), diarrhea MC |
| Ondansetron CI | HSN to any 5HT3 antagonists, concominant use of apomorphine |
| PCN Trade Name | Pen V |
| PCN Category | PCN narrow spectrum |
| PCN Use | Pharyngitis - DOC |
| PCN dosage child | 250mg bid/tid x10days |
| PCN dosage adult | 250 mg tid/qid x10days 500mg bid x10days |
| PCN AE | Diarrhea, Allergic Rxn (Rash), Seizures w/High doses, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, thrombophlebitis |
| PCN CI | HSN to any pcn |
| Amoxicillin Trade Name | Moxatag |
| Amoxicillin Category | PCN - Amino-pcn extrended spectrum |
| Amoxicillin use | AOM |
| Amoxicillin Dosage | 80-90 mg/kg/day bid or tid duration <6yo w/severe dz - 10days >6yo w/mild to mod dz - 5-7days |
| Amoxicillin AE | Diarrhea, Allergic Rxn (Rash), Seizures w/High doses, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, thrombophlebitis Maculopapular rash w/mono infx, CLL, allopurinol – not a true PCN allergy |
| Amoxicillin CI | HSN to any PCN |
| Moxifloxacin Trade Name | Avelox |
| Moxifloxacin Category | FQ |
| Moxifloxacin Use | Sinusitis |
| Moxifloxacin AE | limited use in children <18yo, avoid in pregnancy. (bone/joint/cartilage erosion in young animals), GI: N/D, CNS: dizziness, lightheadedness, HA, insomnia |
| Moxifloxacin CI | HSN to any fluoroquinolone |
| Clarithromycin Trade Name | Biaxin |
| Clarithro Categrory | Macrolide |
| Clarithro Use | Pharyngitis Can be used for those w/PCN type 1 allergy Those w/multiple recurrent episodes- more than 1 recurrent |
| Clarithro Dosage | Pharyngitis Rx- 250mg q12hrs x10days Sx w/multiple recurrent episodes: Child - 20-30mg/kg/day/3doses adult - 600mg/day in 2-4 divided doses |
| Clarithro AE | GI-D/N/V, Abdominal Pain |
| Clarithro CI | HSN to any macrolide |
| CLarithro Drug Interax | CYP1A2 & 3A3/4 Inhibitor – increase levels (inhibits metabsolism) of theophyline, warfarin, etc. Adjust dose for renal dysfunction |
| Loratadine Trade Name | Claratin |
| Loratadine Category | Antihistamine - 2nd generation piperidine class peripherally selective |
| Loratadine Use | Allergic Rhinitis - 1st line agent |
| Loratadine AE | edation (nonselective 1st generation > selective 2nd generation) and anticholinergic effects most common; see table below for details Low to none – anticholinergic and sedation effects |
| Loratadine CI | avoid in children <6y |
| Loratadine better at what? | preventing than reversing actions of histamines due to blocking of H receptors |
| Fluticasone Nasal Spray Trade Name | Flonase |
| Fluticasone Category | Nasal Corticosteroid |
| Fluticasone Use | Allergic rhinitis - 2st line agent DOC-Severe/moderate Sx - Most effective therapy |
| Fluticasone Dose | 2 sprays per nostril q day initially then 1 spray per nostril qday for maintenance |
| Fluticasone AE | well tolerated, may cause sneezing, stinging, HA, epistaxis, rare local candida infections, do not significantly suppress HPS *Think Nasal AE |
| Pseudoephedrine Trade Name | Sudafed |
| Pseudoephedrine Category | Decongestant - 2nd line or adjunctive |
| Pseudoephedrine Use | Allergic Rhinitis |
| Pseudoephedrine AE | cause vasoconstriction and tachycardia - may increase bp and hr at higher doses, cause mild cns stimulation, stroke |
| Pseudoephedrine CI | avoid kids <6yo, pts w/HTN, DM, CHD, BPH, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism |
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ashleylafontaine
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