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personality
personality terms with definitions
| term | definition |
|---|---|
| personality | an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
| psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques. |
| free association | a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind. |
| unconscious (according to Freud) | a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts |
| unconscious (according to contemporary psychologists) | information processing of which we are unaware. |
| id | unconcious, operates on pleasure principle |
| ego | our self, executive mediator, conscious mind |
| super ego | internalized ideals, morals, last to develop |
| psychosexual stages | the childhood stages of development when the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones |
| oedipus complex | a boy's sexual desires towards his mother and feelings of jealousy for the rival father |
| identification | accoring to Freud the process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos |
| fixation | accoring to Freud a lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved |
| Freud's 5 psychosexual stages | oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital |
| oral psychosexual stage | pleasure centers at mouth- sucking, biting, chewing (0-18 months) |
| anal psychosexual stage | pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination (18-36 months) |
| phallic psychosexual stage | pleasure zone is the genitals (3-6 years) |
| latency psychosexual stage | dormant sexual feelings (6 to puberty) |
| genital psychosexual stage | maturation of sexual interests (puberty on) |
| defense mechanisms | psychoanalytic theory, the ego's perspective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality |
| repression | psychoanalytic theory, the basic defence mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness |
| regression | psychoanalitic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains faced |
| reaction formation | psychoanalitic defence mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites |
| projection | psychoanalytic defence mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others |
| rationalization | defence mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions |
| displacement | psychoanalytic defence mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive inpulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person |
| collective unconscious | Jung's concept of shared, inharited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history. |
| projective test | a personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics |
| thematic apperception test | projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes |
| rorschach inkblot test | set of 10 inkblots seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analizing their interpretations of the blots |
| self-actualization | according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic phychological and physical needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motovation to fulfill one's potential |
| unconditional positive regard | according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person |
| self-concept | all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "who am I?" |
| trait | a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports |
| social-cognitive perspective | views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons and their social context |
| personal control | our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless |
| external locus of control | the preception that chance or outside forces byond one's personal control determine one's fate |
| internal locus or control | the perception that one controls one's own fate |
| learned helplessness | the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events |
| self-esteem | one's feelings of high or low self-worth |
| self-serving bias | a readiness to percieve oneself favorably |
Created by:
libby
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