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Lymphocytes
Clin Path
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the predominant WBC in cattle, sheep and goats? | Lymphocytes |
| Def: Luekocytosis | Increase in WBC's |
| What is the only cell not capable of phagocytosis? | Lympocyte |
| Cellular immunity is in the? | Tissue:T-cells |
| Humoral immunity is in the? | fluid:Blood/plasma B-cells |
| What is the only cell in the body that recirculates? | Lymphocytes |
| How long can Lymphocytes live? | Days to entire lifespan of the host |
| Lymphocytes use what to travel from tissue to the blood? | Lymph |
| What signs will animals show of Lymphocytosis? | None |
| Abnormal proliferation in any one WBC: | Leukemia |
| What percent of lymphocytes are in blood circulation? | 2-3% |
| Splenic contractions cause Lymphocytosis through what processes? | Epinephrine: Fight or flght |
| Steriods cause lymphopenia by___ lymphocytes | Lysing |
| Will Lymphopenia cause clinical signs? | Yes, likely of which ever Dz is present |
| What are the 2 types of steroids in the body? | Endogenous: produce by the body Exdogenous: administered |
| Plasma cells are _____ cells that make antibodies | B cells |
| Immunosupressive syndromes such as FIV and CIV can cause _______ | Lymphopenia |
| A decrease in all cells is: | Cytopenia |
| decrease production of lymphocytes: | Lymphopenia |
| Lrg lymphocytes are ___ microns and small are ___ microns in diameter | *9-11 *7-9 |
| Atypical lymphocytes are abnormal and are usually seen with _____ and _____ | infection or neoplasia |
| Reactive lymphocytes are seen during periods of _____ and are ____ in diameter | *antigenic stimulation *15-20 microns |
| Maturation process of B-cells | PPSC ~ Lymphoid stem cell ~ Pre B-cells ~ B-lympoblasts ~ B-prolymphocytes |
| Maturation of T-cells | PPSC ~ Lymphoid stem cell ~ Pre Lymphocytes(thymocytes) ~T-lymphoblast ~T prolymphocytes ~ T lymphocyte |
| ___% of lymphocytes seen on a blood smear are T-lymphocytes | 70% |
| ____ % of lymphocytes seen in circulatinf blood are B-lymphocytes | 30% |
| Natural killer cells stay in the ________ to mature | Bone marrow |
| What are the types of Lymphocytes? | T-cells ~ B-cells ~ Natural killer cells |
| ___ are the Troop cells and are stored in the lymphnodes and ____ pulp of the spleen | *T-cells *white pulp |
| ____ are the "Boss" cells | B-cells |
| T-cells mature in the _______ | Thymus |
| B-cells mature in the ______ | Intestines or bone marrow |
| ____ cells are stored in the spleen and Lymphoid tissue | B-cells |
| What cells produce antibodies to protect the body? | B-cells |
| B-cells are associated with ____ immunity | Humoral/ specific immunity |
| What cells are primarily found in the tissue | Natural killer cells |
| Natural killer cells are associated with ____ line of defense | 2nd/non-specific immunity |
| Natural killer cells require no stimulation and kill by ___ contact with a chemical called____ | *Direct contact *Perforins |
| Memory cells are __ or__ cells that clone of the original lymocyte | T or B cells |
| What type of cells remain in the lymphoid tissue in case of second exposure to a pathogen? | Memory cells |
| ___ cells respond quicker and stronger to pathogens causing ___ clinical signs | *memory *no |
| 3 components of Lymphoid tissue | *Bone marrow *Central lymphoid organs *Peripheral lymphoid organs |
| What is the difference in Lymph and plasma? | Lymph comes from plasma, but contains less lrg proteins and more sugar, H20 and electrolytes |
| What causes Edema? | Anterior BP is to high and causes fluid to be pushed from vessels on arteriole side of capillary beds |
| The Lymph nodes have ducts that contain ____ that engulf "junk" to present to the ____ to Lymphocytes to chemically destroy | *Macrophage *Lymphocytes |
| What is the flow of the Lymphatic system? | Tissue ~ Lymphatic ducts ~ Lymph nodes ~Thorasic duct ~ Vena Cava ~ blood circulation |
| Functions of Lymph: | *Removal of excess tissue fluid *Waste material Transport *Filtration *Protein transport |
| ____ is a milky fluid w/fat droplets known as digestive lymph that contains ____ | *Chyle *Chylomicron |
| T-lymphocytes are activated by: | Macrophage |
| ____ lymphocytes are found in cortex of the lymph nodes and ___ are found in the medulla | *colonie lymphocytes *Macrophage |
| The spreading of cancer: | Metastasis |
| What oragan is on the L side of the body that contains red and white pulp? | Spleen |
| The spleen contains both ____ and ____ functions | *Hematologic *Lymphatic functions |
| Red pulp of the spleen contains: | Macrophage,RBC's, Plt, and sinuses( blood is stored here) |
| What is the only Spp that does not have a muscular spleen? | Ruminants |
| What are the primary causes for Splenectomies? | Trauma and tumors |
| What are the functions of the spleen? | *Blood storage *Removal foreign material(by macrophage) *Lymphocyte cloning |
| The Thymus is located in the _____ and is most prevalent in ___animals | *mediastinum *young |
| What produces T-cells and kick starts immunity? | Thymus |
| Tonsils are located: | *Pharyngeal *laryngeal *intestines *prepuce *vaginal |
| Define GALT | Gut associated lymphoid tissue |
| The GALT is the ___ Equivalent and is ___% of intestinal mucosa | *Bursa *25% |
| Where is the GALT located? | Ileum |
| What type of cells mature in the GALT? | B-cells |
| What is the Immune systems function: | Differentiate self from not self |
| Any foreign substance that cause immune response: | Antigen |
| Ability of an antigen to cause a Dz: | Pathogenicity |
| Degree of pathogenicity(dz) of an antigen: | Virulence |
| Conditions/Dz's caused by Over reactive immune system: | Auto immune Dz's and allergies |
| Conitions/Dz caused by Under reactive immune system: | FIV, CIV,HIV |
| Lines of defense: | 1st: skin/mm/tears *2nd: Phagocytosis/inflammation *3rd: Lymphocytes/ humoral-cellular immunity |
| What are the 2 types of immunity? | Non specific and specific |
| Non specific Immunity: | Inate/natural immunity - 1-2nd lines of defense |
| Specific Immunity: | involves lymphocytes /3rd line Def |
| What are components of 1st line defense? | Physical: hair, skin,mm Chemical: mucus, saliva, normalflora |
| what are the 5 components of the 2nd line of defense? | *phagocytosis *NK cells *Interferons *Complements *Inflammatory response |
| Def Inflammation: | The bodies natural response to insult or injury |
| What arethe 5 signs of Inflammation? | Redness, edema, pain, heat, decreased function |
| Step one of Inflammatory proc: | Vasoconstriction: to prevent hemorrhage ~ mast cells degranulate |
| Step 2 of inflammatory proc: | Vasodialation: a result of histamine =REDNESS ~local hyperemia provides RBC's for 02/healing WBC's defense, plt's for clotting |
| step 3 of Inflammatory process: | fluid from plasma pours into tissue=EDEMA ~histamine causes increased capillary Clot formation: permeability , provides antibodies, enzymes, clotting factors =pain/decreased function |
| Step 5 Inflammation process: | Neutrophil macrophage: Clean up tissue debris causing pyrogens= fever/heat to promote interferon activity |
| Step 6 Inflammation process: | Return to normal: Increase blood flow dilutes/disperses Histamine and Heparin ~ vasodialation/capillary permability return to normal |
| What are the 3 R's of Specific immunity? | *Recognize *Respond *Remember |
| Cell mediated/Humoral immunity are what line of defense? | 3rd |
| Help T-cells and suppressor T-cells secrete ____ | Cytokines |
| Suppressor T-cells ____ helper and killer T cells ans stop ____ cells from becoming plasma cells | *Inhibit *B-cells |
| What is the cluster of differentiation for Cytotoxic T-cells | CD8 |
| What is the cluster of differentiation for Helper T-cells? | CD4 |
| What is the cluster of differentiation for Suppressor T-cells? | Ts |
| T-cells develop into ______ cells and destroy via _____ | *Sensitized T-cells *Perforins |
| After B-cells clone that undergo _____ that secrete antibodies. this takes ___ day | *Blast transformation *3-6 days |
| Antibodies have ___ binding sites | 4-10 |
| Antibodies are also called _____ | Immunoglobulins |
| What are the 5 classes of Immunoglobulins? | *IgG IgA IgM IgE IgD |
| IgG: | (G)reatest # antibodies in the blood, 75-80% - 1st exposure, C.S. will appear -newborns produce |
| IgA: | (Achoo!)Fluids, secretions |
| IgM: | Produced during second exposure - production fast -No C.S. |
| IgE: | (E)osinaphils attracted - assoc w/allergies/mast cells |
| IgD: | IDK Unknown purpose |
| All antibodies are found on ___ cells and are made of____ | *B-cells *amino acids |
Created by:
brit_2112
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