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Ch . 14
Psychological Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychopathology | The scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders |
| Psychological disorder or mental disorder | A pattern of behavioral and psychological symptoms that causes significant personal distress, impairs the ability to function in one or more important areas of daily life, or both |
| DSM-IV-TR | Abbreviation for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder. The book describes the specific symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for different psychological disorders |
| Anxiety | An unpleasant emotional state characterized by physical arousal and feelings of tension, apprehension, and worry |
| Anxiety Disorders | A category of psychological disorders in which extreme anxiety is the main diagnostic feature and causes significant disruptions in the person's cognitive, behavioral, or interpersonal functioning |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, global, and persistent symptoms of anxiety; also called free-floating anxiety |
| Panic Attack | A sudden episode of extreme anxiety that rapidly escalates in intensity |
| Panic Disorder | An anxiety disorder in which the person experiences frequent and unexpected panic attacks |
| Phobia | A strong or irrational fear of something usually a specific object or situation, that does not necessarily interfere with the ability to function in daily life |
| Specific Phobia | An anxiety disorder characterized by an extreme and irrational fear of a specific object or situation that interferes with the ability to function in daily life; formerly called simple phobia |
| Agoraphobia | An anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational fear of experiencing a panic attack in a public situation and being unable to escape or get help |
| Social Phobia Or Social Anxiety Disorder | An anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged, or scrutinized by others in social situations |
| Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | An anxiety disorder in which chronic and persistent symptoms of anxiety develop in response to an extreme physical or psychological trauma |
| Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) | An anxiety disorder in which the symptoms of anxiety are triggered by intrusive, repetitive thoughts, and urges to perform certain actions |
| Obsessions | Repeated, intrusive. and uncontrollable irrational thoughts or mental images that cause extreme anxiety and distress |
| Compulsions | Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are performed to prevent or reduce anxiety |
| Mood Disorders | A category of mental disorders in which significant and persistent disruptions in mood or emotions cause impaired cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning; also called affective disorders |
| Major Depression | A mood disorder characterized by extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthlessness, and hopelessness, causing impaired emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning |
| Dysthymic Disorder | A mood disorder involving chronic, low-grade feelings of depression that produce subjective discomfort but do not seriously impair the ability to function |
| Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) | A mood disorder in which episodes of depression typically occur during the fall and winter and subside during the spring and summer |
| Bipolar Disorder | A mood disorder involving periods of incapacitating depression alternating with periods of extreme euphoria and excitement; formerly called maniac depression |
| Maniac Episode | A sudden, rapidly escalating emotional state characterized by extreme euphoria, excitement, physical energy, and rapid thoughts and speech |
| Cyclothymic disorder | A mood disorder characterized by moderate but frequent mood swings that are not severe enough to qualify as bipolar disorder |
| Eating Disorder | A category of mental disorders characterized by severe disturbances in eating behavior |
| Anorexia Nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by excessive weight loss, an irrational fear of gaining weight, and distorted body self-perception |
| Bulimia Nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by binges of extreme overeating followed by self induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, or other inappropriate methods to purge the excessive food and prevent weight gain |
| Personality Disorder | Inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions, behavior, and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations, and deviate from the expectations of the individuals culture |
| Paranoid Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of the motives of others without sufficient basis |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others; such individuals are also often referred to as psychopaths or sociopaths |
| Borderline Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by instability if interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and marked impulsivity |
| Dissociative Experience | A break or disruption in consciousness during which awareness, memory, and personal identity become separated or divided |
| Dissociative Disorders | A category of psychological disorders in which extreme and frequent disruptions of awareness, memory, and personal identity impair the ability to function |
| Dissociative Amnesia | A dissociative disorder involving the partial or total inability to recall important personal information |
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takiah_shinae
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