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bkx PSY212 T4, P2
PSY-212 Test #4: Part 2: CH 8, Romantic Relationships
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List Sternberg’s Three Features of Love | 1) Passion, 2) Intimacy, 3) Decision/Commitment |
| Passion | Physiological arousal and longing to be together |
| Intimacy | Feelings promoting close bonds, including mutual sharing and emotional support |
| Decision/commitment | In the short term, a decision to say you love the other person; in the long term, a commitment to maintain that love |
| Factor analysis | A statistical technique for sorting items in long lists into piles that go together |
| Passionate love | A state of intense longing for union with another |
| Companionate love | Affection and tenderness felt for those whose lives are entwined with our own |
| Sociosexual orientation | Individual differences in the tendency to prefer either unrestricted sex (without the necessity of love) or restricted sex (only in the text of a long-term, loving relationship) |
| Two-factor theory of love | The theory that love consists of general arousal (factor 1), which is attributed to the presence of an attractive person and labeled as love (factor 2) |
| Need to belong | The human need to form and maintain strong, stable interpersonal relationships |
| Secure base | Comfort provided by an attachment figure, which allows the person to venture forth more confidently to explore the environment |
| List the Three Attachment Styles | 1) Secure, 2) Anxious/ambivalent, 3) Avoidant |
| Secure attachment style | Attachments marked by trust that the other person will continue to provide love and support |
| Anxious/ambivalent attachment style | Attachments marked by fear of abandonment and the feeling that one’s needs are not being met |
| Avoidant attachment style | Attachments marked by defensive attachment from the other |
| Erotomania | A disorder involving the fixed (but incorrect) belief that one is loved by another, which persists in the face of strong evidence to the contrary |
| Monogamy | Marital custom in which one man marries one woman |
| Polygamy | Marital custom in which either one man marries more than one woman (polygyny) or one woman marries more than one man (polyandry) |
| Polygyny | Marital arrangement involving one man and more than one wife |
| Polyandry | Marital arrangement involving one woman and more than one husband |
| Equity rule | Each person’s benefits and costs in a social relationship should be matched to the benefits and costs of the other |
| Need-based rule | Each person in a social relationship provides benefits as the other needs them, without keeping account of individual costs and benefits |
| Androgynous | Demonstrating a combination of masculine and feminine characteristics in one’s behaviors |
| List Six Kinds of Love | 1) Liking 2) Companionate love 3) Empty love 4) Fatuous love 5) Infatuation 6) Romantic love |
| Liking | Intimacy alone |
| Companionate love | Intimacy + commitment without compassion |
| Empty love | Decision/commitment alone |
| Fatuous love | Passion + commitment without intimacy |
| Infatuation | Passion alone |
| Romantic love | Intimacy + passion without commitment |
| List Two Types of Love | Passionate and compassionate |
| List Five Determining Factors of Attraction | 1) Physical attractiveness 2) Similarity 3) Competence 4) Reinforcement Affect Model 5) Proximity |
| Matching Hypothesis | You end up with someone who is on the same level of physical attractiveness as you |
| Repulsion Hypothesis | Similarity does not attract; rather, dissimilarity repulses |
| Pratfall Effect | When a highly competent other makes a mistake, we like that person more because it humanizes them and makes them less threatening |
| Reinforcement Effect Model | Classical conditioning UCS (reinforcement) --> UCR (positive effect) CS (person) --> CR (positive effect) |
| Mere Exposure as it Pertains to Attractiveness | The more you see someone with good qualities, the more you like them. The more you see someone with negative qualities, the more you dislike them. |
| Three Ways Liking and Loving Are Distinguished | 1) Quantitative difference: love is more than liking 2) Qualitative difference: love and liking are entirely different constructs 3) Sternburg's triangular theory: intimacy, passion, and commitment |
| Three Factors in Relational Satisfaction (Social Exchange Theory) | 1) CL (Comparison Levels): Average of all the outcomes you have had in the past 2) CLalt (Comparison Level of Alternatives): How many and what kind of alternatives are out there Investment: The stronger the investment, the more reluctant quitting |
| Seven Sources of Aversiveness in Relationships | 1) Access to weaponry 2) Unmet expectations 3) Loss of illusion 4) Erosion of novelty 5) Reduced effort 6) Interdependency ups the ante 7) Threat of exclusion |
| Social allergens | Over time, a slight annoyance that occurs repeatedly can become a full-blown pet peeve |
| Coverture | Pre-1960 in most states, a wife lost her legal existence and became an extension of her husband's will and identity, taking up his name and residence, giving up the right to accuse him of rape, and agreeing to provide domestic services for free. |
| Head and Master Law | (Louisiana) Allows a husband to sell the family home without his wife's consent; he can also cut off her credit even if she has her own salary |
| Divorce Statistics | -50% of first marriages end in divorce, most within 7 years -Most second marriage divorces occur within 5 years -80% of divorced people remarry |
| Five Reasons for Increased Divorce Rate | 1) People live longer 2) People have fewer children to focus on 3) Excessive demands on couple 4) Higher marital expectations 5) External barriers to divorce have broken down |
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