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Med Terms: Vocab
Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Frontal Plane | Vertical from left to right - divides into front and back (Coronal Plane) |
| Transverse Plane | Horizontal cut - top and bottom |
| Sagittal Plane | Vertical from front to back - divides body into right and left |
| Longitudinal Section | lengthwise slice along the long axis of a structure |
| Cross Section | slice perpendicular to the long axis of a structure |
| deep | further below from surface |
| superficial | nearer to the surface |
| medial | towards the midline - to the middle |
| lateral | away from midline - to the side |
| distal | farthest (away from beginning of structure) |
| proximal | closer or nearest |
| posterior (dorsal) | to the back |
| anterior (ventral) | to the belly side of body |
| Cephalic (superior) | above |
| Caudal (inferior) | below |
| prone | on stomach |
| supine | on the back |
| Popliteal | creased area behind the knee |
| palmar | palm of hand |
| plantar | sole of the foot |
| trunk | torso, excluding head and extremities |
| umbilical | region around the navel |
| Antecubital | in front of the elbow |
| axillary | underarm area |
| viscera | body's internal organs |
| Dorsal cavity | (back) cranial and spinal cavities |
| Ventral cavity | (front) Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
| cranial cavity | inside skull; contains brain |
| meninges | membrane sac that protects spinal cord and brain |
| spinal cavity | formed by canal thru vertebrae; contains spinal cord |
| thoracic cavitiy | enclosed by ribs and separated from abdominopelvic cavity by diaphragm; contains lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus; subdivided into one central and 2 side regions |
| mediastinum | central region of thoracic cavity; contains heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta, thymus; heart is encased in the pericardial sac |
| plural cavities | side regions of thoracic cavity; each contains a lung |
| pleura | sac protecting lungs |
| abdominopelvic cavity | subdivided into abdominal and pelvic regions |
| peritoneum | membrane covering that protects the abdominopelvic cavity |
| abdominal cavity | stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, colon & intestine portions |
| pelvic cavity | bladder, ureters, uretha, portions of colon & intestine. Also male and female parts |
| Right Upper Quadrant | Lg pt of liver; R kidney; colon; sm pt of pancreas; gallbladder; sm intestines |
| Left Upper Quadrant | Sm pt of liver; spleen; L kidney; stomach; colon; lg pt of pancreas; sm intestines |
| Right Lower Quadrant | colon; sm intestines; R ureter; appendix; R ovary & fallopian tube; R vas deferens & seminal vesicle |
| Left Lower Quadrant | L ureter; colon; intestine; sigmoid colon, L ovary & fallopian tube; : vas deferens & seminal vesicle |
| bone graft | uses piece of bone to replace lost bone or fuse two bones together |
| bone scan | use of radioactive dye to visualize bones; stress fractures, bone cancer |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | repetitive motion disorder caused by pressure on tendons and nerves in wrist |
| closed fracture | broken bone with no skin wound; simple fracture |
| comminuted fracture | bone shatters into many small segments |
| compound fracture | broken bone with open skin wound; open fracture |
| compression fracture | bone break causing loss of height of vertebral body; may result from trauma or osteoporosis in elderly |
| contacture | abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or connective tissue making it difficult to stretch muscle |
| creatine kinase | muscle enzyme in skeletal and cardiac muscle; assoc w heart attach, muscular dystrophy, etc |
| deep tendon reflexes | involuntary muscle contraction in response to reflex hammer |
| dislocation | bones in join displaced from normal alignment; ends of bone no longer in contact |
| fibromyalgia | chronic aching and pain in muscles |
| fixation | procedure to stablize fractured bone while it heals; external includes casts, splints, pins thru skin; internal includes pins, plates, rods, screws, etc put in during open reduction |
| fracture | broken bone |
| greenstick fracture | common in kids, incomplete break |
| herniated nucleus pulposus | protrusion of intervertebral disk between 2 vertebra - herniated or ruptured disk |
| impacted fracture | one bone fragment pushed into another |
| kyphosis | abnormal outward curve or thoracic spine; humpback |
| lordosis | abnormal curve in cervical and lumbar spine; swayback |
| muscle atrophy | loss of muscle bulk; muscle wasting |
| muscular dystrophy | group of inherited diseases involving progressive muscle atrophy |
| non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory |
| oblique fracture | fracture line runs along angle to shaft of bone |
| orthosis | brace or splint to correct or prevent deformities |
| osteoarthritis | arthritis caused by loss of cartilage cushion |
| osteogenic sarcoma | most common bone cancer (osteocytes) |
| pathologic fracture | not caused by trauma; break from diseased or weakened bone |
| prostesis | artificial device for body part |
| radiography | diagnostic imaging procedure using x-rays; visualizing bones and joints |
| reduction | realigning bone; closed bones are externally moved; open bones are manipulated thru surgical incision |
| rheumatiod arthritis | autoimmune disease; swelling, stiffness, pain, denigration of cartilage in joints caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curve of spine |
| spasm | sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction |
| spina bifida | birth defect when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord |
| spiral fracture | fracture line spirals around shaft of bone; twisting injury, slow to heal |
| sprain | ligament injury |
| strain | muscle or tendon injury |
| stress fracture | slight bone break caused by repetitive low impact forces |
| total hip, shoulder or knee arthroplasty | surgical reconstruction of hip, shoulder or knee |
| transverse fracture | break with line straight across shaft of bone |
| Aneurysm | stroke- widening of artery due to weakness in arterial wall |
| angina pectoris | severe chest pain |
| arrhythmia | irregular heart beat |
| auscultation | listening to sounds within body |
| blood pressure | measurement of pressure exerted by blood against walls of blood vessel |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow HR (below 60 bpm) |
| cardiac arrest | complete stoppage of all heart activity; both electrical signals and muscle contractions |
| cardiac catherization | passage of tube thru veins into heart |
| cardiac enzymes | proteins release by heart muscle when damaged |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation | external compressions to rib cage in order to maintain blood floor and air movement in lungs |
| congenital septal defect | birth defect in wall separating the two chambers of the heart |
| coronary artery bypass graft | vein grafted to re route blood around occluded artery in heart |
| congestive heart failure | heart weakens and starts to fail - muscle can not pump blood forcefully enough |
| coronary artery disease | chronic heart disease caused by arteriosclerosis of coronary arteries |
| deep vein thrombosis | blood clots in deep veins |
| defibrillation | using defibrillator to shock heart to converting arrhythmia back to regular heart beat |
| dopplar ultrasonography | ultrasound used to create moving image for visualizing blood flow & heart function |
| electricaradiography | records electrical activity of the heart |
| endarterectomy | removal of inner lining of artery to remove plaque (roto rooter) |
| fibrillation | abnormal quivering of heart fibers |
| heart murmur | abnormal heart sound |
| heart valve prolapse | flaps of heart valve are too loose and fail to shut tightly; allows backwards flow of blood |
| heart valve stenosis | flaps of heart valve are too stiff and can't open fully or shut tightly; blood can flow backwards |
| hotler monitor | portable ECG monitor worn to assess heart throughout the day |
| hypertension | high BP (above 140/90) |
| hypo tension | low BP |
| implantable cardioverter defibrillator | electrical device implanted in chest cavity; applies shock to stop arrhythmia's |
| infarct | area of tissue death caused by ischemia |
| myocardial infarction | heart attack; infarct of heart muscle caused of occlusion of one or more coronary arteries |
| myocardial ischemia | loss of blood supply to heart muscle tissue due to occlusion of coronary artery |
| occlusion | blockage of blood vessel or other hollow structure |
| pacemaker | electrical device that artificially stimulates contraction of heart muscle; treats bradycardia |
| sphygmomanometer | inst for measuring blood pressure |
| stent | stainless steel tube placed in blood vessel to widen |
| stress test | evaluates cardio fitness; ekg and oxygen levels taken while pt exercises; can also be chemically induced |
| tachycardia | fast HR (over 100 bpm) |
| transesophegeal echocardiography | pt swallows ultrasound head to better visualize internal cardiac structures |
| varicose veins | swollen veins usually in legs |
| venipuncture | puncture to withdraw blood or inject meds in veins |
| AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) | late stage of HIV; cells of immune system lose their ability to fight off infection |
| allergy | hypersensitivity to common environmental substance, to food, or to medication |
| anaphylactic shock | severe allergic reaction |
| antihistamine | med that blocks effects of histamine released by body during allergic reactions |
| autoimmune disease | body's immune sys attacks its own cells as if they were pathogens |
| corticosteroids | meds to treat autoimmune disease due to strong anti inflammatory |
| elephantiasis | blockage of lymphatic vessels that causes extreme tissue edema |
| hives | wheals during allergic reaction |
| hodgkin disease | cancer of lymphatic cells found in lymph nodes |
| immunodeficiency | immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens |
| immunosuppressant | med to block actions of immune syst; used to prevent rejection of transplanted organ |
| inflammation | tissue response to injury; redness, pain, swelling, etc |
| mononucleosis (mono0 | acute viral infection of lymphoid tissues with abnormal amt white blood cells |
| opportunistic infection | infections in pt with compromised immune systems |
| vaccination | exposure to weakened pathogen to simulate immune response |
| arterial blood gasses | lab test for levels of oxygen and co2 present in blood |
| asphyxia | lack of oxygen (suffocation) |
| aspirate | inhaling foreign object or fluid into airways |
| asthma | bronchospasm, excessive mucous, inflammation, airway constriction, etc |
| atelectasis | lung tissue collapes preventing exchange of ox and co2 |
| bronchogenic carcinoma | malignant lunch tumor that originates in bronchi |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary diasease | progressive, chronic condition where air flow to lungs is decreased , severe dyspnea |
| cystic fibrosis | genetic condtion that causes pt to produce very thick mucus; results in severe congestion of lungs |
| emphysema | pulmonary cond resulting from destruction of alveolar walls leading to overinflated alveoli |
| hyperventilation | breathe too quickly (tachypnea) & too deeply (hyperpnea) |
| hypoventilation | breathe too slowly (bradypnea) & too shallowly (hypopnea) |
| hypoxis | insufficient oxygen in body |
| influenze | acute viral infection of the airways |
| phlegm | thick mucus secreted through mouth (sputnum) |
| pleurisy | inflammation of pleura |
| pneumonia | acute inflammatory condition of the lung |
| pneumothorax | collapse of lung bc of air or gas in pleural cavity |
| postural drainage | drainage of secretions from bronchi by placing pt in specific postions |
| pulmonary edema | lung tissue retains excessive fluid |
| pulmonary embolism | blood clot or air bubble in pulm artery or one of its branches |
| purulent | containing pus |
| rales | abnormal crackling sound caused by mucus or fluid in airways |
| respiratory rate | number of breaths per minute |
| sudden infant death syndrome | unexpected and unexplained death of well infant |
| alzheimer disease | chronic brain condition; progressive |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | disease with muscular weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons of spinal cord |
| anticonvulsant | medication to reduce excitability of neurons |
| brain tumor | intracranial mass, can grow and cause pressure on normal brain tissue |
| cerebral contusion | bruising of brain from impact; symptoms last longer than 24 hrs |
| cerebral palsy | non-progressive brain damage resulting from defect in fetal development or lack of oxygen |
| cerebrovascular accident | development of brain infarct due to loss in blood supply to brain; stroke |
| coma | profound unconsciousness |
| concussion | brain shaken inside of skull due to impact; symptoms last less than 24 hrs |
| dementia | progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with ADL's |
| epilepsy | seizures and loss of consciousness as result of uncontrolled neuron electrical activity |
| hydrocephalus | buildup of cerebrospinal fluid within brain (children0 |
| lumbar puncture | puncture to withdraw fluid for examination or injection of medication |
| migraine | severe head pain, sensitivity |
| multiple sclerosis | inflammatory autoimmune disease or CNS; myelin around neurons damaged |
| paralysis | temp or perm loss of muscle function and movement |
| Parkinson disease | chronic disorder of nervous sys with tremors, muscle weakness, rigidity |
| seizure | sudden uncontrollable onset of symptoms |
| shingles | painful blisters along nerve path |
| spina bifida | congenital defect in walls of spinal canal where vertebrae do not close |
| spinal cord injury | damage to spinal cord as result of injury |
| subdural hematoma | mass of blood underneath dura mater |
| syncope | fainting |
| transient ischemic attack | can lead to stroke - temp reduction of blood supply to brain |
Created by:
Tarynlynn02
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