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FlatWorld Psy. Ch.9

Chapter 9 Terms, Flat World Knowledge

QuestionAnswer
Intelligence The ability to think, to learn from experience, to solve problems, and to adapt to new situations.
Language A system of communication that uses symbols in a regular way to create meaning.
General Intelligence Factor (g) The construct that the different abilities and skills measured on intelligence tests have in common.
Specific Intelligence (s) A measure of a specific skill in a narrow domain.
Triarchi (three-part) Theory of Intelligence A theory proposed by Robert Sternberg that suggests that people may display more or less analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence.
STandardization Administering a test to a large number of people at different ages and computing the average score on the test at each age level.
Flynn Effect The observation that scores on intelligence tests worldwide have increased substantially over the past decades.
Mental Age The age at which a person is performing intellectually.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) A measure of intelligence test for adults.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scare (WAIS) The most widely used intelligence test fro adults.
Personnel Selection The use of structured tests to select people who are likely to perform well at given jobs.
Emotional Intelligence The ability to identify, assess, manage, and control one's emotions.
Normal Distribution (or bell curve) The pattern of scores usually observed in a variable that clusters around its average.
Mental Retardation A generalized disorder mostly found in males, ascribed to those who have an IQ below 70, who have experienced deficits since childhood, and who have trouble with basic life skills, such as dressing and feeding oneself, and communicating with others.
Down Syndrome A chromosomal disorder leading to mental retardation and caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome.
Eugenics The misguided proposal that one could improve the human species by encouraging or permitting reproduction of only those people with genetic characteristics judged desirable.
Stereotype Threat Performance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes.
Phoneme The smallest unit of sound that makes a meaningful difference in a language.
Morpheme A string of one or more phonemes that makes up the smallest units of meaning in a language.
Syntax The set of rules of a language that is used to construct sentences.
Contextual Information Information surrounding language that is used to help interpret it.
Critical Period A time in which learning can easily occur.
Plasticity The brain's ability to develop new neural connections.
Broca's Area An area of the brain in front of the left hemisphere near the motor cortex that is responsible for language production.
Wernicke's Area An area of the brain next to the auditory cortex that is responsible for language comprehension.
Aphasia A condition in which language functions are severely impaired.
Babbling Engaging in intentional vocalizations that lack specific meaning.
Generativity The fact that speakers of a language can compose sentences that represent new ideas that they have never before been exposed to.
Deep Structure How an idea is represented in the fundamental universal grammar that is common to all languages.
Surface Structure How an idea is expressed in any one language.
Bilingualism The ability to speak two languages.
Linguistic Relativity The idea that language and its structures influence and limit human thought.
Created by: 535959219
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