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PSY110 ch 10-12 ckc
Mastering the World of Psychology study guide section one
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| On the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, only negative life changes are considered stressful. T/F | False |
| The Social Readjustment Rating Scale takes account of the individual's perceptions of the stressfulness of the life changes in assigning stress points. T/F | False |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder is a prolonged and severe stress reaction that results when a number of common sources of stress occur simultaneously. T/F | False |
| According to Lazarus, hassles typically account for more life stress than major life changes. T/F | True |
| Lazarus's approach to measuring hassles and uplifts considers individual perceptions of stressful events. T/F | True |
| Travis cannot decide whether to go out or stay home and study for his test. What kind of conflict does he have? | approach-avoidance |
| Sources of workplace stress include a) sexual harassment. b) discrimination. c) balancing family and work demands. d) all of the above. | all of the above |
| What group that has received the most attention from researchers interested in the association between stress and racism? | African Americans |
| The biomedical model focuses on _____; the biopsychosocial model focuses on _____. | illness; health and illness |
| Lowered immune responce has been associated with _____ and _____. | stress and depression |
| The stage of the general adaptation syndrome marked by intense physiological efforts to adapt to the stressor is the _____ stage. | resistance |
| susceptibility to illness increases during the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. | exhaustion |
| Selye focused on the ____ aspects of stress; Lazarus focused on the _____ aspects of stress. | physiological; psychological |
| During secondary appraisal, a person evaluates his or her coping resources and considers options for dealing with the stressor. T/F | True |
| Coping aimed at reducing, modifying, or eliminating a source of stress is called _____ coping; that aimed at reducing an emotional reaction to stress is called _____ coping. | problem-focused; emotion-focused |
| People typically use a combination of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping when dealing with a stressful situation. T/F | True |
| Some research suggests that optimists are more stress-resistant than pessimists. T/F | True |
| Close, supportive relationships with family and friends is not a dimension of psychological hardiness. T/F | False |
| Social support tends to reduce stress but is unrelated to health outcomes. T/F | False |
| Most research has pursed the connection between the Type A behavior pattern and _____. | coronary heart disease. |
| Recent research suggests that the most toxic component of the Type A behavior pattern is _____. | hostility. |
| Stress causes cancer. T/F | False |
| Men seek medical care more often than women. T/F | False |
| Which ethnic group has the highest rate of death from liver disease? | Native Americans |
| Which is the most important factor leading to disease and death? a) unhealthy lifestyle b) a poor health care system c) environmental hazards d) genetic disorders | a) unhealthy lifestyle |
| Which health-compromising behaior is responcible for the most deaths? a) overeating b) smoking c) lack of exercise d) excessive alcohol use | b) smoking |
| _____ damages virtually every organ in the body. | Alcohol |
| Viral STDs are those that can be effectively treated with antibiotics. T/F | False |
| The incidene of AIDS in the United States is highest among what group? | homosexuals |
| To improve cardiovascular fitness, aerobic exercis should be done a) 15 minutes a day. b) 1 hour a day. c) 20 to 30 minutes five times a week. d) 20 to 30 minutes three or four times a week. | c) 20 to 30 minutes five times a week. |
| Alternative health treatments have proven to be just as effective as traditional approaches to illness. T/F | False |
| Psychoanalysis is both a theory of personality and a therapy for the treatment of psychological disorders. T/F | True |
| Freud considered the _____ to be the primary motivating force of human behavior. | unconscious |
| The part of the personality that would make you eat, drink, and be merry is your ____. | id |
| you just found a gold watch in a darkened movie theater. Which part of your personality would urge you to turn it in to the lost and found? | superego |
| The part of the personality that determines appropriate ways to satisfy biological urges is the _____. | ego |
| Defense mechanisms are used only by psychologically unhealthy individuals. T/F | False |
| Repression is used to avoid unpleasant thought. T/F | True |
| According to Freud, the sex instinct arises at _____. | birth. |
| List Freud's stages in the order in which they occur. | oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital |
| Rich's excessive concern wth cleanliness and order could indicate a fixation at the _____ stage. | anal |
| When a young boy develops sexual feelings towards his mother and hostility towards his father, he is said to have a conflict called the _____ _____. | Oedipus Complex |
| According to Freud, which of the following represents a primary source of influence on personality? a) heredity b) life experiences after beginning school c) the relative strengths of the id, ego, and superego d) problems expereinced during adolescanc | c) the relative strengths of the id, ego, and superego |
| In Jung's theory, the inherited part of the personality that stores the experiences of humankind is the _____ unconscious. | collective |
| Which personality theorist believed that the basic human drive is to overcome and compensate for inferiority and strive for superiority and significance? | Alfred Adler |
| On which of the following did Horney focus? a) psychoanalysis b) trait theory c) feminine psychology d) humanistic psychology | c)feminine psychology |
| Humanistic psychologists would say that researchers could focus primarily on observable behavior. T/F | False |
| Which psychologist identified characteristics that he believed self-actualized people share? | Abraham Maslow |
| Which psychologist believed that individuals often do not become fully functional persons because, in childhood, they fail to recieve unconditional positive regard from their parents? | Carl Rogers |
| Self-esteem includes assessments of competence in different domains such as academics and sports. T/F | True |
| According to Allport, the kind of trait that is a defining characteristic of one's personality is a _____ trait. | cardinal |
| According to Cattell, the differences between people are explained by the number of source traits they possess. T/F | True |
| Who claimed that psychologists can best understand personality by assessing people on two major dimensions, Extraversion and Neuroticism? | Hans Eysenck |
| According to consensus among trait theorists, there are _____ major dimensions of personality. | 5 |
| Behavioral geneticists have found that the shared family environment has a _____ effect on personality development. | negligible |
| Children adopted at birth are more similar in personality to their adoptive parents than to their biological parents. T/F | False |
| Who initiated the situation-trait debate? | Walter Mischel |
| Bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism refers to the mutual effects of a person's behavior, personal/cognitive factors, and the environment. T/F | True |
| People low in self-efficacy persist in their efforts. T/F | False |
| Who proposed the concept of locus of control? | Julian Rotter |
| Which personality test uses inventory to diagnose psychopathology? | MMPI-2 |
| Which personality test uses inventory to assess typical personality? | CPI |
| Which projective personality test uses inkblots? | Rorschach |
| Which projective personality test uses drawings of ambiguous human situations? | TAT |
| Which personality test uses inventory to assess personality types? | MBTI |
| Clay has an unconscious resentment toward his father. Which test might best detect this? | TAT |
| My mother was a good person is the type of item that might appear on the MMPI-2. T/F | True |
| It is relatively easy to differentiate normal behavior from abnormal behavior. T/F | False |
| The DSM-IV-TR is a manual that is published by the American Psychiatric Association and is used to diagnose psychological disorders. T/F | True |
| Anxiety disorders are the least common of all psychological disorders. T/F | False |
| Psychologists often use principles of learning to treat phobias. T/F | True |
| Obsessive-compulsice disorder appears to be caused primarily by psychological rather than biological factors. | False |
| Name the anxiety disorder. Lana refuses to eat in front of others for fear her hand will shake. | social phobia |
| Name the anxiety disorder. Ronin is excessively anxious about his health and his job, even though there is no concrete reason to be. | generalized anxiety disorder |
| Name the anxiety disorder. Kyla has been housebound for four years. | agoraphobia |
| Name the anxiety disorder. Jackson gets hysteical when a dog approaches hum. | specific phobia |
| Name the anxiety disorder. Lauren has incapacitating attacks of anxiety that come on her suddenly. | panic phobia |
| Name the anxiety disorder. Micheal repeatedly checks his doors, windows, and appliences before he goes to bed. | obsessive-compulsive disorder |
| Montell has periods in which he is so depressed that he becomes suicidal. At other tymes he is wildly euphoric. He would probably receive the diagnosis of bipolar disorder. T/F | True |
| What type of factor is this? Negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and one's future. | cognitive factor |
| What type of factor is this? Hereditary predisposition or biochemical imbalance. | biological factor |
| What type of factor is this? Negative life events. | stress |
| Drugs are seldom used in the treatment of mood disorders. T/F | False |
| The suicide rate is lower for African American males than for White males. T/F | True |
| This is an example of what symptom of schizophrenia? Brendon believes he is Moses. | delusions of grandeur |
| This is an example of what symptom of schizophrenia? Dina thinks her family is spreading rumors about her. | delusions of persecution |
| This is an example of what symptom of schizophrenia? Avi hears voices cursing him. | hallucinations |
| This is an example of what symptom of schizophrenia? Dean laughs at tragedies and cries when he hears a joke. | inappropriate affect |
| There is substantial research evidence that unhealthy family interaction patterns is a cause of schizophrenia. T/F | False |
| What subtype of schizophrenia is this? Amy stands for hours in the same strange position. | catatonic schizophrenia |
| What subtype of schizophrenia is this? Trevin believes the CIA is plotting to kill him. | paranoid schizophrenia |
| What subtype of schizophrenia is this? Matt makes silly faces, laughs a lot, and masterbates openly. | disorganized schizophrenia |
| What subtype of schizophrenia is this? Francesca has the symptoms of schizophrania but does not fit any one type. | undifferentiated schizophrenia |
| Somatoform disorders have physiological rather than psychological causes. T/F | False |
| Dissociative disorders are often associated with trauma. T/F | True |
| Name the psychological disorder. Jan is convinced he has some serious disease, although his doctors can find nothing physically wrong. | hypochondriasis |
| Name the psychological disorder. Lonnie is found far away from his home town, calling himself by another name and having no memory of the past. | dissociative fugue |
| Natalia suddenly loses her sight, but doctors can find no physical reason for the problem. | conversion disorder |
| colane has no memory of being in the boat with other family members the day her older brother drowned. | dissociative amnesia |
| Cassandra has no memory for blocks of time in her life and often finds clothing in her closet that she cannot remember buying. | dissociative identity disorder |
| _____ are disorders in which sexual urges, fantasies, and behaviors involve children, other nonconsenting partners, or objects. | Paraphilias |
| Personality disorders typically cause problems in social relationships and at work. T/F | True |
| Bruce lies, cheats, and exploits others without feeling guilty. His behavior best fits the diagnosis of _____ personality disorder. | antisocial |
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