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IV Fluids_
Pharm I - Fall2011
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which IV fluids are most commonly used? | Crystalloids |
| What is the crystalloid fluid based on? | Soln of sterile H2O w/added electrolytes to approximate the mineral content of human plasma |
| What is the tonicity of crystalloid fluids? | Can be hypo/iso/hyper-tonic |
| What IV fluid type most closely mimics the electrolyte concentration of human plasma as well as having a small amt of lactate? | Lactated Ringers (LR) |
| What is a possible issue with he relation bw crystalloid fluids and colloid osmotic pressure? | Crystalloids reduce the colloid osmotic pressure (so if give too much, can cause the fluid to move out of the vasculature) |
| Crystalloids reduce colloid osmotic pressure via...? | Hemodilution |
| Colloid fluids contain water&electrolytes and what else? | A colloidal substance that does not freely diffuse across a semipermeable membrane |
| What kind of "special" substances do colloid fluids contain, that cannot cross a semi perm membrance? | Albumin, Hetastarch, Dextran |
| What is the relationship of colloid fluids and osmotic pressure? | Maintains it or improves it (THESE ARE A LOT MORE $$ -- so only used in special circumstances) |
| 0.9% NaCl is also known as? | NS (~308 mEq/L=similar to body) |
| Interpret D5W, D10W, D50W w/ respect to dextrose concentration? | -D5W = 5% Dextrose or 50g/L -10 = 10% or 100g/L -50 = 50% or 500g/L |
| %water of total body weight in M and F? | 60% in M, 50% in F |
| Total body water intracellular vs extracell? | 2/3 intra, 1/3 extra |
| Ratio of extracelluar body water? | 1:4 = Intravascular:Intrstitial |
| If a person is on a more long-time IV fluid regimen, what should you keep in mind that you may need to supplement? | Mg, Cl, phosphate, Ca2+ |
| What is the rate of repletion rec for severe volume depletion or hypovolemic shock? | 1-2L NS given as rapidly as poss to restore tissue perfusion -Then: fluid repletion is continued at a rapid rate until clinical signs normalize (BP, Urine output, mental status) |
| What is the rate of repletion rec for mild to mod hypovolemia? | 50-100mL/hr in excess of continued losses (urine and insensible, etc) |
| Formula to figure out water requirement? | 60mL/hr + 1mL/kg/hr for any increment of wt over 20kg -aka 4mL/kg/hr for first 10kg, then 2mL/kg/hr for next 10kg, then 1mL/kg/hr for remainder of body wt |
| What is the max water requirement per day? | 120mL/hr or 3000mL/day |
| Sodium requirements? | 1-2mEq/kg/day given as NaCl |
| Potassium requirments? | .5-1mEq/kg/day (w/nL renal fxn) |
| Why is dextrose added to IV solns? | To minimize protein catabolism |
| What is the relationship bw body temp and water loss? | Water losses ^ by 100-150 mL/day for each degree of body temp >37 degrees |
| Replacement of insensible losses should be with? | 5% dextrose or hypotonic saline |
| Insensible water losses are via? | Skin and Respiratory tract |
| If pt has diarrhea or is vomiting, which electrolyte is important to monitor or make sure enough is provided in the IV fluids? | K+ |
| What is the dextrose rec for a NL adult/day? | 100-150gm/day |
Created by:
ferrier.kath
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