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Myers. ch 5 and 6
Sensation and Perception
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sensation | our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment |
| Perception | the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events |
| Types of Processing | Bottom-up processing Top-down processing |
| Bottom-up processing | analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information |
| Top-down processing | information processing guided by higher level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations |
| Absolute threshold | the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 % of the time |
| Difference threshold | the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 % of the time |
| characteristics of Vision | Wavelength, intensity, saturation |
| Wavelength | the distance from one wave peak to the next; determines the hue (the color we experience such as blue or green) |
| Intensity | the amount of energy in light waves (determined by the waves amplitude) ; influences birghtness. |
| Parts of the Eye | pupil, iris, lens, retina, cornea |
| Pupil | the adjustable opening in the center of the eye where light enters |
| iris | the ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye; controls the aize of the pupil opening |
| lens | the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina |
| retina | the light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information |
| cornea | where light enters the eye, protects the eye, bends light to provide focus |
| Blind spot | point at which the optic nerve leave the eye |
| colorblindness | people who cant see red or green |
| rods | retinal receptors that detect black white and grey; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision when cones don't respond |
| cones | retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well lit conditions. detect fine detail and give rise to color sensation. |
| after image/ opponent color theory | tiring of neural response to colors, looking somewhere ese should see opponent colors. example the green black and yellow british flag !!! |
| color constancy | perceiving familiar objects as having consistent colors, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object |
| audition | sense of act of hearing |
| timber | quality helps distinguish sounds |
| pitch | a tones experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency |
| decibels | are the measuring unit for sound energy |
| eardrum | a tight membrane that that vibrates with the waves |
| cochlea | a coiled, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses |
| hair cells | line the basilar membrane; movement triggers impulses in adjacent nerve fibers, which in turn converge to form auditory nerve. |
| conduction hearing loss | hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea |
| sensorineural hearing loss | hearing loss cause by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness |
| frequency | the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time; rate of impulses that travel in a tone |
| sensory interaction | the principal that one sense may influence another, as when smell of food influences taste. |
| olfaction | experiences of smell / memory of smell |
| taste receptors | 50-100 on each taste bud, they are antenna like hairs in pores. |
| taste sensation | sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami |
| umami | the meaty taste; best experienced as the flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate. |
| constancies | size, color, brightness, space, depth |
| visual cliff | a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals |
| gestalt | an organized whole. emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. |
| Illusion | a distortion of sensory perception |
| Proximity | |
| Muller-Lyer Illusion | certain things look different lengths because how they are percepted but are actually the same |
| Subliminal perception | the perception of subliminal stimulation |
| subliminal threshold | when stimuli are below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness |
Created by:
dschulmann8
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