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Mod 7 Week 1,2,3,4
Pharma Chapter 1,2,3,4 week 1,2,3,4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the meaning of pharmakon? | A Greek work meaning: drugs,magic spells, remedy or poison used to represent the concept of a drug. |
| What is an apothecary? | Forerunner for todays pharmacists. |
| When did the difference between physician and pharmacist become defined? | After the American Civil War (1861-1865) however were the boundaries between the professions of Physician and Pharmacist clearly dawn. |
| What is a APHA, and when was it established? | The American Pharmaceutical Association (APHA) in 1852. |
| What can a pharmacy technician absolutely not do in a pharmacy? | Counsel patients |
| What organization is a governing member of the PTCB? | (APHA),(ASHP),(ICHP),(MPA),(NABP). |
| Define pharmacology? | The study of drugs and their interaction with the systems of living animals. |
| How often is recertification required for certified | Every two years. |
| Define Biopharmacetical? | A drug produced by recombinant DNA technology. |
| What did the Foood,Drug,and Cosmetic act of 1938 make a requirement for new drugs before they can be marketed? | All new drugs proved toe be safe being marketed and be an approved New Drug Applicant before U.S commercialization. |
| How are legend drugs sold in the US? | A legend drug is sold only by prescription and is labeled "Rx only". |
| What phase of clinical trails is carried out after the drug has been approved for marketing? | Phase IV. |
| What is a double-blind clinical trail? | A clinical trail in which neither the trail participants nor the study staff know whether a particular participant is in the control group or the experimental group. |
| What action did the FDA take to speed up the approval of urgently needed drugs? | The Prescription Drug User Fee Act of 1992. |
| When phase of clinical trails are drugs tested on patients who have the condition that the drug is intended to treat? | Phase II. |
| What FDA Pregnancy Category is safe for pregnant patients to take? | Category A. |
| What federal agency regulates prescription drugs with abuse potential? | DEA. |
| What is an accepted clinical use for schedule I(C-I) drugs?What is an accepted clinical use for schedule I(C-I) drugs? | For research only. |
| How many different schedule categories are controlled substances broken up into? | 5 categories. |
| What type of application must a manufacturer file with the FDA prior to marketing a generic product? | (ANDA) Abbreviated New Drug Application or (NDA) New Drug Application. |
| Manufacturers of foods containing what ingredient may make health claims regarding the disease-fighting action of the food? | Whole grain and Soy protein. |
| In ancient times,who controlled medical treatment? | Religious leaders-Shamans, or priests and priestesses-who guarded their healing |
| What were early herbal remedies most commonly used to treat? | Diarrhea and Constipation. |
| What did Galen advocate about disease? | Galen believed disease was caused by an imbalance of one of four "humor"-blood,phlegm,black bile,and yellow bile. |
| What was a major pharmacolgical advance during the Middle Ages? | Individual drug and mix potion. |
| What is the first London pharmacopoeia? | London Pharmacopoeia 1618 It elimited American outlanders |
| Who developed the first effective treatment for diabetes. | Charles Best and Frederick Banting. |
| What was the first chemical agent used to treat a disease? | Archphenaime. |
| What tasks do pharmacy technicians perform in a hospital pharmacy? | Preparing IV's,Chemo therapy,compound,checking work on technicians. |
| What is the source of thyroid? | Animal product. |
| What is a generic name? | A name that identifies a drug independently of its manufacturer,sometime denote a drug that is not protected by a trademark; also referred to as a USAN(United States Adopted Name). |
| During clinical trails,new drugs are first tested on what? | A small group of healthy patients. |
| What determines the order in which the FDA processes New Drug Applications? | The prescription Drug User Fee Act. |
| Who do professionals and customers report serious adverse drug reactions to? | Med-watch. |
| What is a black box warning? | Information printed on a drug package to alert prescribers to potential problems with the drug. |
| What is one way of lowering healthcare cost without compromising the health of the patient? | Generic over Brand. |
| What is the rating system of the FDA for therapeutic equivalents of generic drugs? | A/B rating system. |
| What should pharmacy technicians do when helping patients select OTC products? | Read the ingredients,generally direct them and cannot counsel. |
| What information needs to be on a prescription? | Full name of patient;Date of prescription;drug name;dosage;Route of administration;Amount of drug to be dispensed ,Amounts should be written out to prevent alterations,signature of person. ETC |
| How does a prescription for DEA controlled substances differ from prescriptions for non-controlled substances? | Must have a DEA number of prescribing Physician. |
| What is abbreviation for "every day"? | qd. |
| What abbreviation should be used if a prescriber wants a drug to be administered immediately. | Stat. |
| What are problematic abbreviations? | Mg;Ml;Qh;QHS;Stat;Qd,Qod, # w/o the decimal. |
| What are the "rights" of medication administration? | The right patient, the right drug,the right strength,the right route, and the right time. |
| What are the different administration routes and their example? | Mouth-oral,sublingual table/capsule.Parental: inravenous, subcutaneous,Topical transdermal,eye,nose,ear,ointment drops,creams. |
| Which of the peroral routes would be used if the physician wanted the drug to be dissolved in to the blood stream rapidly? | Sublingual nad Buccal routes. |
| What abbreviation would be used to describe drugs injected into a muscle? | IM. |
| Why would a physician prescribe a medication to be administered through this route? | By passes and goes quicker to the bloodstream. |
| Why do pediatric and geriatric patients require lower doses of drugs than other patient. | Due the smaller size of the inability of the liver to metabolize the med adequately. |
| What physiologic change frequently occurs in aging patients? | hearing,vision,eye change, pulmonary change,and body change. |
| What is polypharmacy? | The concurrent use of multiple medication. |
| What is noncompliance? | Failure to adhere to an appropriate drug regimen. |
| What is mortality? | Rate of occurrence of a diseased state of condition. |
| How are many vaccines stored? | They must stored in the refrigerator. |
| What is an allergy? | A state of heightened sensitivity as a result exposure to a particular substance. |
| When is histamine released? | When the body is in an allergic state. |
| What is the drug class of choice to prevent on over the counter allergy medication? | The Pharmacist. |
| Under what conditions does drug compliance decrease? | Forgetfulness of the patient;and the number of the daily meds increase and the complexity of the regimen;multiple meds;multiple in structure;times of admin;with or with out food can all lead to confusion. |
| Which abbreviation is for taking a medication twice daily? | bid. |
| What about before meals? | ac. |
| What is the preferred dosage form for an antibiotic prescribed to a pediatric patient? | Liquid or oral suspension. |
| What routes of administration necessary or some drugs? | 1. Some drugs are rendered inactive by digestive juices so oral admin is |
| What does ophthalmic route refer to? | Eye medication. |
| When dispensing medications to a new patient,what should a pharmacy ask? | Any known drug allergies,birth date, address,phone number,any existing conditions or pregnancy status,current meds. |
| Muscular degeneration in the elderly is an example of what? | Optic change. |
| How is successful aging characterized? | losses in physiologic function that are non-pathologic(non related to a disease). |
| What is the most commonly used guide to drug administration in children? | Body weight. |
| What type of immunity is acquired following vaccination? | Active immunity. |
| What does morbidity? | Diseased state or condition. |
| What immunization should children receive at birth? | Hepatitis B. |
| Who should be immunized against tuberculosis? | Person at high risk and Family members with active Hepatitis. |
| What abbreviation should a pharmacy technician enter into a patient's record if they have no know allergies? | NKA or NKDA. |
| What patient information must pharmacy technician handle? | Full Name,D.O.B,Address,Age,Meds already taking allergies and inform that Pharmacists is available if you have questions. |
| Which organisms were identified and isolated in the early twentieth Century? | Cholera,Syphilis,Bubonic Plague,Gonorrhea,Leprosy. |
| What was the first true class of antibiotics? | Sulfonamide. |
| What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria? | Aerobic needs oxygen to survive and Anaerobic can survive without oxygen. |
| Which bacteria and related disease come upass being gram-positive? | Corynebaterium:endocarditis,Staphylococus:ToxicShock Snydrome(associated with tampon use). |
| What are the two general signs that an infection is bacterial in origin? | A fewer of 101 F of higher and an increased number of white blood cells (> 12,000/mm3). |
| What is the biggest challenge indeveloping a new antibiotic? | The challenge is to find a way to kill the invading organism without harming the patient receiving treatment. |
| What is empirical treatment? | Treatment begun before a definite diagnosis can be obtained. |
| Why should a counting tray be wipe down with alcohol after dispensing an antibiotic? | To prevent cross-contamination. |
| What is a super infection? | A new infection complicating the course of therapy of an existing infection. |
| When would the most frequent form of bacterial resistance occur? | Bacteria produce enzymes that destory the molecular integrity of the drug. |
| What bacterial pathway do sulfonamide interfere with? | Folic acid Bylosynthesis. |
| What is the most serious allergic reaction to penicillin's? | Anaphylactic reaction. |
| Which class of antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes? | Tetracyclines. |
| Why can't disinfectants be used systemically? | It's not safe enough. |
| How do penicillin's work? | Kill bacteria by preventing them from forming the rigid cell wall needed for survival). |
| What should diabetic patients that are prescribed Omnicef be warned? | Of the drugs high sugar content (2.86 per tsp). |
| What auxiliary label on antibiotic prescriptions might help to reduce antimicrobial resistance? | Take all of this medication. |
| What are sulfonamides commonly used to treat? | UTI(urinary tract infections). |
| What is a characteristic of Steven Johnson syndrome? | Large red blotches on the skin. |
| Why would a dentist prescribe amoxicillin? | To prevent oral infection. |
| What group of drugs is effective against anthrax? | Tetracycline. |
| What drug is primarily used to treat pulmonary infections? | Azithromycin(Z PAk) |
| What types of infections are aminoglycosides used to treat? | Serious Infection such as Sepsis. |
| Which drug is associated with red man's syndrome? | Vancomycin (vancocin). |
| What is the mechanism of action quinolones on bacteria? | They antagonize the enzyme responsible for coiling and replicating bacteria DNA . |
| What are the major side effects of aminoglycosides? | Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity. |
| Why are streptoragamins an important addition to antimicrobial drug therapy? | Because they provide an alternative to vancomycin. |
| Which drug class should have the dosage adjusted according to plasma concentrations? | Aminoglycosides. |
| What is hypotension? | Low blood pressure. |
| Which antibiotic has been over used? | Vancomycin. |
| What is Metronidozole effective against? | Bacteria,Fungi,and Protozoa. |
Created by:
Rodney C
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