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AP Psych ch.6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is it called when you detect physical energy from the environment and convert it into neural signals? | sensation |
| When we select, organize, and interpret our sensations? | perception |
| Bottom-up Processing is when you? | Analysis of the stimulus begins with the sense receptors and works up to the level of the brain and mind. |
| How do you top-down process? | Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes as we construct perceptions, drawing on our experience and expectations. |
| What is the study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience with them. | Psychophysics |
| What is absolute Threshold? | Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time |
| What is when when stimuli are below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness? | Subliminal Threshold |
| What is Weber’s Law? | Two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage, to be perceived as different. |
| What is diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation? | Sensory Adaptation |
| What is the transformation of stimulus energy into neural impulses? | Transduction |
| What are the physical characteristics of light? | Wavelength and Intensity |
| What is the dimension of color determined by the wavelength of the light? | Hue |
| What is the distance from the peak of one wave to the peak of the next? | Wavelength |
| What is the amount of energy in a wave determined by the amplitude? | Intensity |
| What is the transparent tissue where light enters the eye? | Cornea |
| What is the muscle that expands and contracts to change the size of the opening for light? | Iris |
| What focuses the light rays on the retina? | Lens |
| What contains sensory receptors that process visual information and sends it to the brain? | Retina |
| What is the process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to help focus near or far objects on the retina? | Accommodation |
| What is the process of several aspects of the stimulus simultaneously? | parallel processing |
| What is the Trichromatic theory? | that the eye must contain three receptors that are sensitive to red, blue and green colors |
| What is the genetic disorder in which people are blind to green or red colors? | Color Blindness |
| What is the Gate-Control Theory? | our spinal cord contains neurological “gates” that either block pain or allow it to be sensed |
| What is called when one sense affects another sense? | sensory interaction |
| What does kinesthesis sense? | our body parts’ position and movement |
| What does vestibular sense? | sensemonitors the head (and body’s) position |
| What is Perceptual Organization? | forming meaningful perceptions from sensory information |
| What is organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings? | Form Perception |
| What are the four groups of perception? | Proximity, Similarity, Continuity, Connectedness |
| Depth perception enables us to? | judge distances |
| What is called when images from the two eyes differ? | Retinal disparity |
| What is it called when if two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts a smaller retinal image to be farther away? | Relative Size |
| What is it when objects that block other objects tend to be perceived as closer | Interposition |
| What is when we perceive objects that are higher in our field of vision to be farther away than those that are lower? | Relative Height |
| What is it when objects closer to a fixation point move faster and in opposing direction to those objects that are farther away from a fixation point, moving slower and in the same direction? | Relative motion |
| What is Linear Perspective? | Parallel lines, such as railroad tracks, appear to converge in the distance |
| What is perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change? | Perceptual Constancy |
| What is called when perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color even when changing illumination filters the light reflected by the object. | Color Constancy |
| What is the visual ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field? | Perceptual Adaptation |
| What is Mind-to-mind communication? | Telepathy |
| What is Perception of remote events? | Clairvoyance |
| What is Perceiving future events? | Precognition |
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