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CNS Depressants
Ch. 13 Pharm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| There are two types of CNS depressants | sedatives and hypnotics |
| what do sedatives do | inhibit nervousness, excitability, irritability does not cause sleep unless in lg doses, then hypnotic |
| what do hypnotics do | cause sleep |
| what are two hypnotics | barbituates benzodiazepines |
| Stages of sleep and 5 of time in ea | stage 1 2-5% stage 2 50% stage 3 5% stage 4 10-15% REM 25-33% |
| What are benzodiazepines classified as | sedative-hypnotic anxiolytic(relieve anxiety), do not suppress REM |
| What are two types of benzodiazepines | "Benzo, Pam and the lambs" long acting- estazolam(Prosom), flurazepam(Dalmane), lorazepam(Ativan) Short acting- temazepam(Restoril), alprazolam(Xanax), triazolam(Halcion) |
| Nonbenzodiazepines | treat insomnia Sonata, Ambien(hangover effects), Lunesta, Rozerem |
| what is unique about Ramelteon(Rozerem) | does not cause CNS depression, no abuse, no withdrawal sx |
| To treat alcohol withdrawal what would you use | benzodiazepine |
| what is antidote for benzodiazepine | Flumazenil |
| what do benzodiazepines interact with | alcohol, opioids, Cimetidine, MAOI's, kava, valerian, grapefruit juice |
| what is noted about barbituates | habit forming, not used much today, narrow therapeutic index (easy to get toxic) |
| what are 4 categories of barbituatesq | ultra short acting- anesthesia short acting- convulsive, sleep int. acting- sleep, convulsive long acting- sleep, epileptic/seizure prophylaxis |
| Name ultra short barbituates short int. long | mephohexital, thiamylal, thiopental pentobarbital, secobarbital butabarbital phenobarbital, mephobarbital |
| what are common barbituates | butabarbital(Butisol), pentobarbital(Nembutol), phenobarbital(Luminal), secobarbital(Seconal) |
| What is MOA of barbituates | potentiate GABA, brain's natural calming agent, so slow's down actions in the brain |
| barbs adverse effects | CNS-drowsy, vertigo, depression Resp- depression, apnea, spams, cough GI- N/V/D/constipation Other-agranulocytosis, hypotension, Stevens-Johnson syndrome(epidermis separate from dermis), reduce REM |
| Overdose for barbituates | leads to coma and death (can be therapeutic for uncontrolled seizures) treat- maintain airway, fluids, activated charcoal |
| what are common muscle relaxants | Dantrium- used in treatment of malignant hyperthermia crisis Flexeril, Lioresal, Skelaxin, Zanaflex |
| adverse effects of muscle relaxants | euphoria, dizzy, fatigue, muscle weakness |
| when should you give hypnotics before bed | 30-60 min for max effect to induce sleep Benzos have REM rebound, tired next day |
Created by:
palmerag
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