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Renal System for RC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kidneys and associated external structures | Kidneys, renal capsule, renal artery, renal vein, renal hilum, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
| two bean shaped structures located in the back of the abdominal cavity | Kidneys |
| Tissue that covers the kidney | renal capsule |
| vessel that carries blood into the kidney | renal artery |
| vessel that takes blood away from the kidney | renal vein |
| Indentation where the renal artery and renal vein enter the kidney | renal hilum |
| structure that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder | ureters |
| structure that serves as a reservoir for urine | urinary bladder |
| structure that extends inferiorly from the urinary bladder | urethra |
| The major internal parts of the kidney | renal cortex, medulla, calices, renal pelvis, renal papillae |
| 1/3 inside the kidney represents the | renal cortex |
| the middle 2/3 inside the kidney represent the | medulla |
| internal structure composed of the major calyx and the minor calyx | renal pelvis |
| components of renal pelvis | major calyx and minor calyx |
| aka papillary ducts | renal papillae |
| functional unit of the kidney | nephron |
| two types of nephrons | juxtamedullary and cortical |
| components of the nephron | glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, Bowman's capsule, renal corpuscule |
| network of renal capillaries, aka filtering structure | glomerulus |
| vessel that takes unfiltered blood to the glomerulus | afferent arteriole |
| vessel that takes filtered blood away from the glomerulus | efferent arteriole |
| structure that contains the glomerulus | Bowman's capsule |
| glomerular capillary blood pressure + fluid pressure in Bowman's capsule + Osmotic force = | net filtration pressure |
| what is the glomerular capillary blood pressure level? | +55 mmHg |
| what is the fluid pressure in Bowman's capsule? | -15 mmHg |
| What is the osmotic force (caused by protein concentration difference)? | -30 mmHg |
| what is the net filtration pressure level? | +10 mmHg |
| three steps in urine formation | glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion |
| process by which filtrates, mainly electrolytes such as Na+, K+, and Cl- move from BLOOD to URINE as a result of pressure difference in the glomerulus is called: | glomerular filtration |
| process by which filtrates such as water, sodium, glucose move back from URINE in the proximal tubule TO BLOOD is called | tubular reabsorption |
| process occurring between peritubular capillaries and renal tubules by which various substances, such as H+ and K+ are transported from BLOOD to URINE is called | tubular secretion |
| hormone that prevents diuresis, thus helps retain water in the body is called: | ADH - Anti-diuretic hormone |
| if atrial blood volume or pressure increases, then what must happen to ADH? | ADH must decrease to stimulate urination |
| in case of dehydration, what should happen to ADH? | ADH should increase for body to retain fluid |
| electrolytes that can generate acid-base disturbances | K+, Na+, Cl- |
| an increase in K+, Na+, Cl-, or H+ will cause blood pH level to | decrease |
| an decrease in K+, Na+, Cl-, or H+ will cause blood pH to | increase |
| the renal system is able to excrete H+ when: | blood pH is low |
| the renal system is able to reabsorb HCO3- when: | blood pH is low |
| a leak will occur in tissue spaces if systemic capillary pressure exceed: | 17 mmHg |
| congenital disorders, infections, obstructive disorders, inflammation and immune response, neoplasms are examples of: | common causes of renal disorders |
| classification of renal conditions are: | pre-renal, renal, and post-renal |
| abnormalities that impair blood flow TO the kidney describe: | pre-renal conditions |
| abnormalities that impair blood flow WITHIN the kidney describe: | renal conditions |
| urethral or bladder outlet obstructions, such as calculi, tumors, prostatic hypertrophy describe: | post renal conditions |
Created by:
bhilaire
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