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Myers 9 Chapter 15
Bell West / Therapy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| eclectic approach | an appproach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy. |
| psychotherapy | treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. |
| psychoanalysis | Sigmund Freud's therapuetic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and tranferences-and the therapist's interpretations of them released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight. |
| resistance | in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. |
| interpretation | in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight. |
| transference | in psychoanalysis the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent). |
| psychodynamic therapy | therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight. |
| insight therapies | a variety of therapies which aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses. |
| client-centered therapy | a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate client's growth. |
| active listening | empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Roger's clinet-centered therapy. |
| unconditional positive regard | a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed to be conducive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance. |
| behavior therapy | therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. |
| counterconditioning | a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning. |
| exposure therapies | behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people ( in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid. |
| systematic desensitization | a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. |
| virtual reality exposure therapy | An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking. |
| aversive conditioning | a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). |
| token economy | an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desires behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats. |
| cognitive therapy | therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. |
| cognitive-behavior therapy | a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). |
| family theerapy | therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at other family members. |
| regression toward the mean | The tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average. |
| meta-analysis | A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies. |
| evidence-based practice | clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences. |
| biomedical therapy | prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the paient's nervous system. |
| psychopharmacology | the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior. |
| antipsychotic drugs | drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder. |
| tardive dyskinesia | involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors. |
| antianxiety drugs | drugs used to control anxiety and agitation. |
| antidepressant drugs | drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters. |
| electroconvulsive therapy | a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief eletric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. |
| repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation | the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or supress brain activity. |
| psychosurgery | surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior. |
| lobotomy | a non-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. |
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rkratina
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