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Cross Cult
Cross Cultural Psyc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stereotypes | personal, social, or ethical characteristics that we tend to assign to specific groups of people |
| ethnic stereotypes | characteristics that we consider are common among these groups of people |
| prejudice | unfavorable beliefs, opinions, or attitudes toward people because they are members of a specific social group |
| discrimination | certain stereotypes and prejudices lead to differential treatment of members of certain social groups |
| interpersonal discrimination | differential treatment by individuals/the person who holds prejudice or stereotypes |
| institutional discrimination | demanded by policies or even laws/differential treatment through policies and structural contexts |
| out-of-group homogeneity effect | Through our experiences with a small number of people from an ethnic group—generalize that all members of that group share the same characteristics |
| consequences to stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination | negative cognitive, affective, motivational, behavioral effects among members of stigmatized groups. Internationalization of negative characteristics, hostile environments, violence, and unequal access to educational, and healt care |
| how do stereotypes develop? | out-of-group homogeneity, thru opinions or statements by influential people, thru historical and political events, thru mass media, advertising, and marketing |
| what are characteristics and effects of stereotypes? | stereotypes tend to be rigid - but change can slowly occur in certain instances, stereotypes can influence behavior, by supporting prejudice and discrimination and peopls actions. Labels used to identify an ethnic group can influence the stereotype |
| stereotype threat | a situation where negative stereotypes are made apparent and can lend to diminished performance in minorities that is consistent with the stereotype |
| social distance | the level of social comfort and understanding that exists between an individual or groups |
| why do people discriminate? | negative stereotypes, misunderstandings and ignorance about cultural differences, uncertainty that can produce stress/fear |
| implicit attitudes | emotiona reactions and associations held by individuals towards other people or toward behaviors that are substle yet influential. Implicit attitudes are related to behaviors even if the individual is not completely aware of their existence. |
| Racism | Beliefs, attitudes, institutional arrangements, and acts that tend to negrate individuals or groups because of phenotypic characteristics or ethnic group affiliation. |
| intergroup racism | racism can occur across ethnics groups |
| intragroup racism | within a given ethnic groups |
| racial microagressions | brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral and environmental indignities, whether intentional, unintentional, or negitive racial slights and insults to the target person or group. |
| micro-assults | explicit statements that constitute a verbal attack |
| micro-insults | verbal or nonverbal reactive derogatory communications |
| micro-invalidations | communications that diminish the psychological thoughts feelings or experiences of a person of color |
| The effects of prejudice, discrimination, and racism | Research shows negative effects on employment, health, and education |
| environmental racism/environmental inequity | burdening ethnic minority communities by exposing them to pollutants and other hazards |
| contact hypothesis | prejuducal attitudes and emotions can be changed by bringing together diverse people |
| what are the first 2 main characteristics of intergroup contact? | 1. group member action; 2. the interaction would have institutional support and approval (by statements from people in authority or as supported by laws or customs) |
| what are the second 2 main characteristics of intergroup contact? | 3. cooperations across would be expected to produce a common goal 4. the interaction would allow individuals to get to know each other (often called "aquaintance potencial") |
| structural diversity | refers to the actual demographic composition of an institution or school |
| classroom diversity | the level of curriculum diversification that has taken place in a learning environment |
| interactional diversity | to refer to the opportunities that students have to interact or exchange ideas with diverse students |
Created by:
angi.kane
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