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Pharmacology1 Terms
chapter 1 terms you need to know
| Question | Answer | notes |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacodynamics | Study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs; study of drugs' mechanisms of action | |
| Pharmacokinetics | Study of absorption, distribution, biotransformation (metab) and excretion of drugs | Each factor relates to concentration of drug or its chemical by-product |
| Pharmacotherapeutics | Study of how drugs are best used in treatment of illness; which drug is most or least appr for specific disease, what doese, etc | |
| Natural Source | Formed naturally; plants and animals | e.g., insulin extracted from pancreas of animals |
| Synthetic Source | Formed by chemical reactions in the lab | e.g, Synthroid; vast majority |
| Semisynthetic Source | Formed by chemically modifying substances available from another source | e.g, in humans insulin products chemically modified animal insulin |
| Enteral Administration | Orally, Sublingually (dissolved under tongue), buccally (lining of cheeks), and rectal to dissolve in stomach, small and large intestine via GI tract | |
| Parenteral Administration | Administration as injection or infusion | Include intravenous (in veinI, subcutaneous (under skin), intramuscular (in muscle) |
| Ampule | small glass container that can be sealed and sterilized; usually containing meds for injection | |
| Vial | A small glass solution container with a self-sealing rubber stopper | |
| Chemical name | Describes the chemical makeup of agent | |
| Generic name | Nonproprietary; Name of drug as designated by U.S. Adopted Names (USAN) Council (Feds) | |
| Brand name | Trade name; Name of drug given by pharmaceutical co that patented it | |
| Synergistic | Effect of use of 2 or more agents producing a pharmacological response greater than expected individually | |
| Antagonistic | If one drug diminishes the action of another | Antagonist effect: agent opposes/resist actoin of another |
| Controlled Substance | agents identified by various gov bodies as having ability to cause physical or psychological dependence or both; classified into 5 diff categories | |
| Prescription = legend | Must be labeled "Caution" . Feds prohibit dispensing w/o prescription | All drugs may be classified as either: prescription (legend), nonprescription (OTC), investigational, illicit (street) |
| Idiosyncratic | Abnormal reactivity to a drug caused by generic diff btwn reactive and nonreactive persons | Bizarre |
| First pass effect | Drug concentrations are greatly reduced before they reach the system due to the process of absoprtion and metabolism | |
| Anaphylaxis | Severe allergic reaction that can affect breathing | |
| Side effects | result from the normal pharmacological effects of drug | |
| Hypersensitivity/allergy | a response of immune system to presence of drug; relatively uncommon, can be serious | |
| Half-life | time interval required for elimination process to reduce concentration of drug in body by 1/2 | |
| Pharmacology | Study of history, sources, and physical and chemical properties of drugs; also includes how drugs affect living systems | Drastically increases potential for med errors and drug interactions; also high cost to patients |
Created by:
toya623
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