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Mid Term Phys Geog.
mid term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define: Air Mass | Large body of air (500-1500 mi diameter) with uniform moisture and temperature |
| 4 Types of Air masses | 1)Continental Polar 2)Maritime Polar 3)Continental Tropic 4)Maritime Tropic |
| Define: Continental Polar | Forms over land @ subpolar lat. Dry&Cold - CANADA |
| Define: Continental Tropic | Forms over land @ subtropical lat. Dry&Warm - MEXICO |
| Define: Maritime Polar | Forms over water @ subpolar lat. Wet&Cold N. PACIFIC |
| Define: Maritime Tropic | Forms over water @ subtropic lat. Wet&Warm GULF OF MEXICO (HURRICANE) |
| 4 Atmospheric lifting processes | 1)Convergent lifting 2)Orographic lifting 3)Convectional lifting 4)Frontal lifting |
| Define: Convergent Lifting | Air flows rapidly into a low air pressure core; flows into an upward spin where heat is released; common to Maritime Tropic- HURRICANE |
| Define: Convectional Lifting | Surface heating cases warm, moist air to rise. Adibiatic lifting. SUMMER PM T-STORMS (DENVER) |
| Define: Orographic Lifting | Mountain in path of prevailing winds. Adibiatic cooling on "windward side"- produces wet conditions; Adibiatic heating on "leeward side"produces RAINSHADOW (SEQUIM) |
| 2 Types of Frontal Lifting | Cold Front and Warm Front |
| Cold Front (Frontal Lifting) | Dense cold air pushing warm air up. along steep boundry; Adibiatic coolinf along frontal zone creates Cumulonimbus clouds, heavy rain and HAIL (SEATTLE SPRING) |
| Warm Front (Frontal Lifting) | Warm air rises above Dense cold air along gentle boundry; Adibiatic cooling alon frontal zone forms Stratus clouds, steady drizzle, snow flurries (SEATTLE WINTER) |
| Define: Oceanic Crust | Thin & Dense; High % of iron/magnesium 4-6 mi thick |
| Define: Continental Crust | Thick & Boyant; Low % of iron/magnesium 6-45 mi thick |
| Define: Convection | Upwelling HEAT from asthenosphere SPLITS apart the over lying crust and creates new SEA FLOOR @ mid-ocean ridges |
| Define: Subduction | Heavier plate is forced down BENEATH lighter plate |
| 3 types of Techtonic Plate Boundaries | 1) Divergent 2) Convergent 3) Transform |
| Define: Divergent | Plates move apart over an area of upwelling heat (mid-ocean ridge rift valley) |
| Define: Convergent | Plates collide together along subduction zone (West Coast) |
| Define: Transform | Plates slide past each other (San Andreas) |
| 3 Types of faults | 1) Normal 2) Reverse 3) Strike-Slip |
| Define: Normal (fault) | Crust above inclines fault plain DROPS DOWN from PULLING apart stresses |
| Define": Reverse (fault) | Crust above and inclines fault plain is PUSHED UP from COMPRESSIVE STRESS |
| Deinfe: Strike-Slip (fault) | Crust on EACH SIDE of a vertical fault plane SLIDE past each other from TWISTING stress |
| 4 major Bay Area fault zones | 1) San Andreas 2) Calaveras 3) Hayward 4) San Gregorio |
| Define: Liquifaction | H2o saturated sediments LIQUIFY when seismic waves pass thru |
| Define: Focus | zone within the earth where intial break occurs |
| Define: Fault Scarp | slope left (scar) from earthquake activity |
| Define: Stick-Slip motion | energy builds up over period of time then suddenly releases (BOOM) |
| Define: Magnitude | total amount of energey released during a quake |
| Define: Viscosity | Magma's resistance to flow |
| 3 Controls for viscosity | 1) Magmas composition 2) Magmas temp 3) %of dissolved gases |
| Magmas composition | high % of iron/magnesium (ocean crust)= low viscosity- non-explosive low % (continental crust) high viscosity- EXPLOSIVE |
| Magmas temp | high temp (2000c)low viscosity- non-explosive low temp (800c) high viscosity- EXPLOSIVE |
| % of dissolved gases | low temp gases can not escape. pressure builds- EXPLOSION |
| 4 Types of Volcanoes | 1) Cinder Cone 2) Sheild Volcano 3) Composite Volcano 4) Plug Dome |
| Define: Cinder Cone | Less than 1000, steep sides, built from pyro clastics; moderately explosive |
| Define: Sheild Volcano | Broad based, gentle slope, built from layers of lava flows (Mona Kea) |
| Define: Composite Volcano | tall, cone shaped built from alternating pyroclastic flow, lava flow- high explosive (Mt. Rainier) |
| Define: Plug Dome | small dome, less than 1000, built from lava that squeezed up during a violently explosive eruption (Mt. St. Helens) |
| Define: Vent | area at top of volcano where magma travels out becoming lava |
| Define: Conduit | passage way that magma travels up from magma chamber to vent |
| Define: Caldera | area in base of volcano where magma is stored (magma chamber) |
| Define: Pyroclastic Flow | dense, heavy flow of ash, rocks and superheated gas that erupts out of vent and moves downslope |
Created by:
zuma
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