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Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Memory | the persistence of learning over time through storage and retrieval |
| Encoding | the processing of info into the memory system. For example, by extracting meaning |
| Storage | the retention of encoded info over time |
| Retrieval | The process of getting info out of memory storage |
| Short-term memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly, before the info is stored or forgotten |
| Long-term memory | the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system |
| Automatic Processing | unconscious encoding of incidental info such as space, time and frequency and of well learned info such as word meanings |
| Effortful Processing | encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
| Rehearsal | the conscious repetition of info either to maintain it for consciousness or encode it for storage |
| Spacing Effect | the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through mass study or practice |
| Serial Position Effect | our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list |
| Semantic Encoding | The encoding of meaning including the meaning of words |
| Acoustic Encoding | the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words |
| Mnemonics | memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices |
| Chunking | organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically |
| Iconic Memory | a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second |
| Echoic Memory | a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds |
| Long Term Potentiation (LTP) | an increase in a synapses firing potential after brief rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory. |
| Implicit Memory | retention independent of conscious recollection. Also called procedural memory |
| Explicit Memory | memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare". Also called declarative memory) |
| Hippocampus | a neural center location in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage |
| Recall | a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve info learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test |
| Recognition | a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test |
| Mood-Congruent Memory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current good or bad mood |
| Proactive Interferance | the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info |
| Retroactive Interferance | the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old info |
| Repression | in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing feelings, thoughts, and memories |
| Misinformation Effect | incorporating misleading info into ones memory of an event |
| Source Amnesia | attributing to the wrong source of an event that we have experienced, heard/read about, or imagined |
Created by:
CaitlynAC
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